Editing Hard disk drive (section)

== Market segments ==
===Consumer segment===
: [[File:Two Western Digital VelociRaptor 1 TB SATA 10,000 rpm 3.5-inch HDDs.jpg|thumb|right|Two high-end consumer SATA 2.5-inch 10,000&nbsp;rpm HDDs, factory-mounted in 3.5-inch adapter frames]]
; Desktop HDDs
: Desktop HDDs typically have one to five internal platters, rotate at 5,400 to 10,000&nbsp;rpm, and have a media transfer rate of {{nowrap|0.5 Gbit/s}} or higher (1&nbsp;GB = 10<sup>9</sup> bytes; {{nowrap|1 Gbit/s}} = {{nowrap|10<sup>9</sup> bit/s}}). Earlier (1980–1990s) drives tend to be slower in rotation speed. {{As of|January 2025|}}, the highest-capacity [[Desktop computer|desktop]] HDDs stored 36[[terabyte|TB]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.notebookcheck.net/Seagate-introduces-world-first-16TB-Exos-HDD-and-IronWolf-NAS-drives.423041.0.html|title=Seagate introduces world-first 16TB Exos HDD and IronWolf NAS drives|first=Deirdre O.|last=Donnell|website=Notebookcheck|date=June 4, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.seagate.com/em/en/internal-hard-drives/hdd/barracuda/ | title=BarraCuda en BarraCuda Pro interne harde schijven &#124; Seagate Nederland | access-date=November 9, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506051335/https://www.seagate.com/em/en/internal-hard-drives/hdd/barracuda/ | archive-date=May 6, 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> with plans to release 50&nbsp;TB drives later in 2025.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/13764/western-digital-2019-16tb-hdd-mamr-hamr |title=16 TB MAMR Hard Drives in 2019: Western Digital |access-date=May 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524072831/https://www.anandtech.com/show/13764/western-digital-2019-16tb-hdd-mamr-hamr |archive-date=May 24, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> 36&nbsp;TB HDDs were released in 2025.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}. {{As of|2016}}, the typical speed of a hard drive in an average desktop computer is 7,200&nbsp;rpm, whereas low-cost desktop computers may use 5,900&nbsp;rpm or 5,400&nbsp;rpm drives. For some time in the 2000s and early 2010s some desktop users and data centers also used 10,000&nbsp;rpm drives such as [[Western Digital Raptor]] but such drives have become much rarer {{as of|2016|lc=yes}} (since the [[Western Digital Raptor|WD VelociRaptor]] was discontinued) and are not commonly used now, having been replaced by NAND flash-based SSDs.

; Mobile (laptop) HDDs
: Smaller than their desktop and enterprise counterparts, they tend to be slower and have lower capacity, because typically has one internal platter and were 2.5" or 1.8" physical size instead of more common for desktops 3.5" form-factor. Mobile HDDs spin at 4,200&nbsp;rpm, 5,200&nbsp;rpm, 5,400&nbsp;rpm, or 7,200&nbsp;rpm, with 5,400&nbsp;rpm being the most common; 7,200&nbsp;rpm drives tend to be more expensive and have smaller capacities, while 4,200&nbsp;rpm models usually were in older laptops and portables but are now outdated. Because of smaller platter(s), mobile HDDs generally have lower capacity than their desktop counterparts.

; Consumer electronics HDDs
These drives typically spin at 5400&nbsp;rpm and include:
* {{anchor|VideoHDD}}'''Video hard drives''', sometimes called "'''surveillance hard drives'''", are embedded into [[digital video recorder]]s and provide a guaranteed streaming capacity, even in the face of read and write errors.<ref name="VHD">{{cite web  |url=https://learncctv.com/how-to-choose-the-best-hard-drives-for-dvrs-and-nvrs/
 |title=How to choose the best hard drive for DVRs and NVRs |date=August 29, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2023}}</ref>
* Drives embedded into [[automotive vehicle]]s; they are typically built to resist larger amounts of shock and operate over a larger temperature range.
; {{Anchor|PORTABLE|EXTERNAL|REMOVABLE}}External and portable HDDs
: {{See also|USB mass storage device class|Disk enclosure}} 
[[File:WD External Hard Drives IMG 7899.jpg|thumb|Two 2.5" external USB hard drives]]
[[File:ST3400820AS.jpg|thumb|Seagate Hard Drive with a controller board to convert SATA to USB, FireWire, and eSATA]]
: Current external hard disk drives typically connect via [[USB-C]]; earlier models use USB-B (sometimes with using of a pair of ports for better bandwidth) or (rarely) [[eSATA]] connection. Variants using USB&nbsp;2.0 interface generally have slower data transfer rates when compared to internally mounted hard drives connected through SATA. [[Plug and play]] drive functionality offers system compatibility and features large storage options and portable design. {{As of|2015|3}}, available capacities for external hard disk drives ranged from 500&nbsp;GB to 10&nbsp;TB.<ref>{{cite web|title=Seagate Backup Plus External Hard Drive Review (8TB)|url=http://www.storagereview.com/seagate_backup_plus_external_hard_drive_review_8tb|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725004556/http://www.storagereview.com/seagate_backup_plus_external_hard_drive_review_8tb|archive-date=July 25, 2015|access-date=July 20, 2015|work=storagereview.com|date=March 22, 2015}}</ref> External hard disk drives are usually available as assembled integrated products, but may be also assembled by combining an external [[Disk enclosure|enclosure]] (with USB or other interface) with a separately purchased drive. They are available in 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch sizes; 2.5-inch variants are typically called ''portable external drives'', while 3.5-inch variants are referred to as ''desktop external drives''. "Portable" drives are packaged in smaller and lighter enclosures than the "desktop" drives; additionally, "portable" drives use power provided by the USB connection, while "desktop" drives require external [[power brick]]s. Features such as [[Self encrypting drive|encryption]], [[Wi-Fi]] connectivity,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.storagereview.com/review/wd-my-passport-wireless-review |title=WD My Passport Wireless Review |website=storagereview.com |last=Smith |first=Lyle |date=September 3, 2014 |access-date=July 21, 2021 }}</ref> biometric security or multiple interfaces (for example, [[FireWire]]) are available at a higher cost.<ref name="AutoMK-98" /> There are pre-assembled external hard disk drives that, when taken out from their enclosures, cannot be used internally in a laptop or desktop computer due to embedded USB interface on their [[printed circuit board]]s, and lack of SATA (or [[Parallel ATA]]) interfaces.<ref>{{cite web|title=Western Digital My Passport, 2&nbsp;TB|url=http://content.hwigroup.net/images/products/xl/152766-7.jpg|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005000039/http://content.hwigroup.net/images/products/xl/152766-7.jpg|archive-date=October 5, 2013|access-date=January 11, 2014|website=hwigroup.net|quote=Example of a pre-assembled external hard disk drive without its enclosure that cannot be used internally on a laptop or desktop due to the embedded interface on its printed circuit board}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Hsiung|first=Sebean|date=May 5, 2010|title=How to bypass USB controller and use as a SATA drive|url=http://www.datarecoverytools.co.uk/2010/05/05/how-to-connect-and-recover-usb-only-western-digital-drives-with-hd-doctor-suite/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915191641/http://www.datarecoverytools.co.uk/2010/05/05/how-to-connect-and-recover-usb-only-western-digital-drives-with-hd-doctor-suite/|archive-date=September 15, 2014|access-date=January 11, 2014|website=datarecoverytools.co.uk}}</ref>

===Enterprise and business segment===
; Server and workstation HDDs
: [[File:IBM TotalStorage Exp400.jpg|thumb|[[hot-swapping|Hot-swappable]] HDD enclosure]]
: Typically used with multiple-user computers running [[enterprise software]]. Examples are: transaction processing databases, internet infrastructure (email, webserver, e-commerce), scientific computing software, and nearline storage management software. Enterprise drives commonly operate continuously ("24/7") in demanding environments while delivering the highest possible performance without sacrificing reliability. Maximum capacity is not the primary goal, and as a result the drives are often offered in capacities that are relatively low in relation to their cost.<ref name="AutoMK-99" />
: The fastest enterprise HDDs spin at 10,000 or 15,000&nbsp;rpm, and can achieve sequential media transfer speeds above {{nowrap|1.6 Gbit/s}}<ref name="erwpnw" /> and a sustained transfer rate up to {{nowrap|1 Gbit/s}}.<ref name="erwpnw" /> Drives running at 10,000 or 15,000&nbsp;rpm use smaller platters to mitigate increased power requirements (as they have less [[air drag]]) and therefore generally have lower capacity than the highest capacity desktop drives. Enterprise HDDs are commonly connected through [[Serial Attached SCSI]] (SAS) or [[Fibre Channel]] (FC). Some support multiple ports, so they can be connected to a redundant [[host bus adapter]].
: Enterprise HDDs can have sector sizes larger than 512 bytes (often 520, 524, 528 or 536 bytes). The additional per-sector space can be used by hardware RAID controllers or applications for storing [[Data Integrity Field]] (DIF) or Data Integrity Extensions (DIX) data, resulting in higher reliability and prevention of [[silent data corruption]].<ref>{{cite web
 | url = https://oss.oracle.com/~mkp/docs/lpc08-data-integrity.pdf
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150109235547/https://oss.oracle.com/~mkp/docs/lpc08-data-integrity.pdf
 | title = Linux Data Integrity
 | date = August 30, 2008 | access-date = January 23, 2015 | archive-date = January 9, 2015
 | first = Martin K. | last = Petersen | publisher = [[Oracle Corporation]]
 | quote = Most disk drives use 512-byte sectors. [...] Enterprise drives (Parallel SCSI/SAS/FC) support 520/528 byte 'fat' sectors.
}}</ref>

;[[#VideoHDD|Surveillance hard drives]]; 
: Video recording HDDs used in network video recorders.<ref name="VHD"/>