Editing Haifa (section)

===State of Israel===
[[File:Haifa Bay.JPG|thumb|left|View of Haifa Bay from Mount Carmel in 2004]]

After the [[Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel]] on 14 May 1948 Haifa became the gateway for Jewish immigration into Israel. During the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], the neighborhoods of Haifa were sometimes contested. After the war, Jewish immigrants were settled in new neighborhoods, among them [[Kiryat Haim|Kiryat Hayim]], Ramot Remez, Ramat Shaul, [[Kiryat Sprinzak]], and [[Kiryat Eliezer, Haifa|Kiryat Eliezer]]. [[Bnai Zion Medical Center|Bnei Zion Hospital]] (formerly [[Rothschild family|Rothschild]] Hospital) and the Central Synagogue in [[Hadar HaCarmel]] date from this period. In 1953, a master plan was created for transportation and the future architectural layout.<ref name=autogenerated4>{{cite web |title=History since Independence |access-date=9 April 2008 |url=http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/36/c2 |publisher=Haifa Municipality |archive-date=12 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212183755/http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/36/c2 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1959, a group of [[Sephardi]] and Mizrahi Jews, mostly [[Moroccan Jews]], [[Wadi Salib riots|rioted]] in [[Wadi Salib]], claiming the state was discriminating against them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArtStEngPE.jhtml?itemNo=1099078&contrassID=2&subContrassID=15&title=%27The%20Makings%20of%20History%20%2F%20So%20much%20for%20the%20melting%20pot%20%27&dyn_server=172.20.5.5|title=So much for the melting pot, Tom Segev|access-date=30 July 2009|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808024256/https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArtStEngPE.jhtml?itemNo=1099078&contrassID=2&subContrassID=15&title=%27The%20Makings%20of%20History%20%2F%20So%20much%20for%20the%20melting%20pot%20%27&dyn_server=172.20.5.5|url-status=dead}}</ref> Their demand for "bread and work" was directed at the state institutions and what they viewed as an Ashkenazi elite in the [[Israeli Labor Party|Labor Party]] and the [[Histadrut]].<ref name=Johal/>

Tel Aviv gained in status, while Haifa suffered a decline in the role as regional capital. The opening of [[Ashdod]] as a port exacerbated this. Tourism shrank when the Israeli Ministry of Tourism placed emphasis on developing Tiberias as a tourist centre.<ref>Kellerman, Aharon (1993) Society and Settlement: Jewish [[Land of Israel]] in the Twentieth Century SUNY Press, {{ISBN|978-0-7914-1295-4}} p 236</ref> Nevertheless, Haifa's population had reached 200,000 by the early 1970s, and mass immigration from the [[Post-Soviet states|former Soviet Union]] boosted the population by a further 35,000.<ref name=modern/> The Matam high-tech park, the first dedicated high-tech park in Israel, opened in Haifa in the 1970s. Many of Wadi Salib's historic Ottoman buildings have now been demolished, and in the 1990s a major section of the Old City was razed to make way for a new municipal center.<ref name=modern/><ref name=Johal>{{cite web |title=Sifting Through the Ruins: Historic Wadi Salib Under Pressure. |first=Am |last=Johal |publisher=Media Monitors Network |date=18 August 2004 |url=http://usa.mediamonitors.net/headlines/sifting_through_the_ruins_historic_wadi_salib_under_pressure |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928015832/http://usa.mediamonitors.net/headlines/sifting_through_the_ruins_historic_wadi_salib_under_pressure |archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref>

From 1999 to 2003, several [[List of Palestinian suicide attacks|Palestinian suicide attacks]] took place in Haifa (in [[Maxim restaurant suicide bombing|Maxim]] and [[Matza restaurant suicide bombing|Matza]] restaurants, [[Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing|bus 37]], and others), killing 68 civilians. In 2006, Haifa was hit by 93 [[Hezbollah armed strength|Hezbollah rockets]] during the [[2006 Lebanon War|Second Lebanon War]], killing 11 civilians and leading to half of the city's population fleeing at the end of the first week of the war.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5318424.stm |title=In focus: Haifa |access-date=9 April 2008 |work=BBC News |date=6 September 2006 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806173551/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5318424.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> Among the places hit by rockets were a train depot and the oil refinery complex.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3276392,00.html |title=8 killed in rocket attack on Haifa – Israel News, Ynetnews |newspaper=Ynetnews |publisher=Ynetnews.com |date=20 June 1995 |access-date=12 March 2013 |archive-date=14 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314214958/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3276392,00.html |url-status=live |last1=Raved |first1=Ahiya}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/840990.html |title=Katyusha rocket hit Haifa oil refineries complex during Second Lebanon War |work=Haaretz |access-date=5 May 2009 |archive-date=24 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724135023/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/840990.html |url-status=live}}</ref>