Editing Gujarat (section)

== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of Gujarat}}
[[File:Adani Mundra Port Kutch Gujarat.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mundra Port]], Kutch]]

During the British Raj, Gujarati businesses played a major role in enriching the economies of [[Karachi]] and [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khaled Ahmed |date=23 February 2012 |title=Gujarat's gifts to India and Pakistan |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/340710/gujarats-gifts-to-india-and-pakistan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212110415/http://tribune.com.pk/story/340710/gujarats-gifts-to-india-and-pakistan/ |archive-date=12 February 2014 |access-date=16 February 2014}}</ref> Major agricultural produce of the state includes cotton, [[peanut|groundnuts]] (peanuts), [[Date (fruit)|dates]], [[sugar cane]], milk and milk products. Industrial products include cement and [[gasoline|petrol]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2008 |title=Reliance commissions worlds biggest refinery |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/reliance-commissions-worlds-biggest-refiner/402999/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516044443/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/reliance-commissions-worlds-biggest-refiner/402999 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |access-date=20 December 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
Gujarat is ranked number one in the [[pharmaceutical industry in India]], with a 33% share in drug manufacturing and 28% share in drug exports. The state has 130 USFDA certified drug manufacturing facilities. Ahmedabad and Vadodara are considered as pharmaceutical hubs, as there are many big and small pharmaceutical companies established in these cities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2021 |title=Despite Covid-19, fresh investments flowing into Gujarat's Pharma Sector |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/despite-covid-19-fresh-investments-flowing-into-gujarats-pharma-sector/articleshow/81488146.cms |access-date=3 May 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=3 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503094424/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/despite-covid-19-fresh-investments-flowing-into-gujarats-pharma-sector/articleshow/81488146.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gujarat has the longest coastline in India (1600&nbsp;km), and its ports (both private and public sector) handle around 40% of India's ocean cargo, with [[Mundra Port]] located in [[Gulf of Kutch]] being the largest port of India by cargo handled (144 million tons) due to its favourable location on the westernmost part of India and closeness to global shipping lanes. Gujarat also contributes around 20% share in India's industrial production and merchandise exports. According to a 2009 report on [[economic freedom]] by the [[Cato Institute]], Gujarat is the most free state in India (the second one being [[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary |url=http://www.cato.org/economic-freedom-india/ExecutiveSummary.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924142234/http://www.cato.org/economic-freedom-india/ExecutiveSummary.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2013 |access-date=20 December 2014 |publisher=Cato.org}}</ref> [[Reliance Industries]] operates the oil refinery at [[Jamnagar]], which is the world's largest grass-roots refinery at a single location. The world's largest shipbreaking yard is in Gujarat near Bhavnagar at [[Alang]]. India's only Liquid Chemical Port Terminal at [[Dahej]], developed by Gujarat Chemical Port Terminal Co Ltd. Gujarat has two of the three liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals in the country (Dahej and Hazira). Two more LNG terminals are proposed, at [[Pipavav]] and [[Mundra]].

According to most recent data, Gujarat is considered the fourth richest state in India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=GUpta |first=Cherry |date=21 February 2025 |title=Top 10 richest states in India by GDSP and GDP per capita, as of 2024 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/top-10-listing/top-10-richest-states-in-india-by-gdsp-and-gdp-per-capita-as-of-2024-9601172/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=2 March 2025}}</ref>

Gujarat has 85% village connectivity with all‐weather roads.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Uday Mahurkar |date=11 September 2006 |title=Gujarat – Physical fitness |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/gujarat-ranks-best-when-it-comes-to-quality-of-roads/1/182220.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074907/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/gujarat-ranks-best-when-it-comes-to-quality-of-roads/1/182220.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=20 December 2014 |website=India Today}}</ref> Nearly 100% of Gujarat's 18,000 villages have been connected to the electrical grid for 24-hour power to households and eight hours of power to farms, through the [[Jyotigram Yojana]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 October 2013 |title=Claim Check: Narendra Modi on Gujarat's Jyotigram Yojana |work=livemint.com |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/NjBbkbKEVhIAYnW3iB7qtN/Claim-Check-Narendra-Modi-on-Gujarats-Jyotigram-Yojana.html |url-status=live |access-date=22 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202015558/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/NjBbkbKEVhIAYnW3iB7qtN/Claim-Check-Narendra-Modi-on-Gujarats-Jyotigram-Yojana.html |archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> {{As of|2015}}, Gujarat ranks [[States of India by installed power capacity|first nationwide]] in gas-based thermal electricity generation with a national market share of over 8%, and second nationwide in nuclear electricity generation with national market share of over 1%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive summary of month of November 2015 |url=http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/installedcapacity/2015/installed_capacity-11.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051607/http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/installedcapacity/2015/installed_capacity-11.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=22 January 2017 |website=cea.nic.in |publisher=Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Government of India}}</ref>

The state registered 12.8% agricultural growth in the last five years against the national average of 2%.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 November 2010 |title=Gujarat Brand |work=Business Standard |agency=Press Trust of India |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/modi-woos-investors-in-state-markets-brand-gujarat/415381/ |url-status=live |access-date=20 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012155436/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/modi-woos-investors-in-state-markets-brand-gujarat/415381/ |archive-date=12 October 2012}}</ref>

Gujarat records highest decadal agricultural growth rate of 10.97%. Over 20% of the ''S&P CNX 500'' conglomerates have corporate offices in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of S&P CNX 500 conglomerates |url=https://www.nseindia.com/products-services/indices-nifty500-index |website=NSE India |access-date=4 May 2022 |archive-date=4 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504103917/https://www.nseindia.com/products-services/indices-nifty500-index |url-status=live }}</ref> As per RBI report{{which|date=June 2022}}, in year 2006–07, 26% of total bank finance in India was in Gujarat.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

According to a 2012 survey report of the Chandigarh Labour Bureau, Gujarat had the lowest unemployment rate of 1% against the national average of 3.8%.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2012 |title=Survey says Gujarat has lowest unemployment; Narendra Modi is 'delighted' |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/survey-says-gujarat-has-lowest-unemployment-narendra-modi-is-delighted-242173?pfrom=home-otherstories |url-status=live |access-date=11 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713222924/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/survey-says-gujarat-has-lowest-unemployment-narendra-modi-is-delighted-242173?pfrom=home-otherstories |archive-date=13 July 2012}}</ref>

[[Legatum Institute]]'s Global Prosperity Index 2012 recognised Gujarat as one of the two highest-scoring among all states of India on matters of social capital.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2012 Legatum Prosperity Index |url=https://www.prosperity.com/download_file/view_inline/2837 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624103332/http://www.prosperity.com/download_file/view_inline/2837 |archive-date=24 June 2017 |access-date=29 April 2019 |publisher=Legatum Institute |page=20 |format=PDF}}</ref> The state ranks 15th alongside Germany in a list of 142 nations worldwide: higher than several developed nations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DNA India: Latest News Headlines, Breaking News & Live Updates on Politics, Business, Sports, Bollywood at Daily News & Analysis |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_gujarat-in-list-of-top-15-prosperous-states-globally_175965 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141220155532/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_gujarat-in-list-of-top-15-prosperous-states-globally_175965 |archive-date=20 December 2014 |access-date=13 February 2013}}</ref>

=== Infrastructure ===
[[File:Tallest Building in Gujarat Gift One.jpg|thumb|Tallest building in Gujarat: [[Gujarat International Finance Tec-City|GIFT One]]]]

The tallest tower in Gujarat, GIFT One was inaugurated on 10 January 2013. One other tower called GIFT Two has been finished and more towers are planned.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2009 |title=India's tallest proposed building Diamond Tower showcased (video) |url=http://deshgujarat.com/2009/01/22/indias-tallest-proposed-building-diamond-tower-showcasedvideo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006113234/http://deshgujarat.com/2009/01/22/indias-tallest-proposed-building-diamond-tower-showcasedvideo/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=Deshgujarat.com}}</ref>

=== Industrial growth ===
Gujarat's major cities include Ahmedabad, [[Surat]], [[Vadodara]], [[Rajkot]], [[Jamnagar]] and [[Bhavnagar]]. In 2010, ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}} list of the world's fastest growing cities included Ahmedabad at number 3 after [[Chengdu]] and [[Chongqing]] from China.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kotkin |first=Joel |title=In pictures- The Next Decade's fastest growing cities |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/10/07/cities-china-chicago-opinions-columnists-joel-kotkin_slide_4.html |url-status=live |access-date=10 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014101651/http://www.forbes.com/2010/10/07/cities-china-chicago-opinions-columnists-joel-kotkin_slide_4.html |archive-date=14 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="07 October 2010">{{Cite news |title=In Pictures: The Next Decade's Fastest-Growing Cities |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/10/07/cities-china-chicago-opinions-columnists-joel-kotkin_slide_4.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014101651/http://www.forbes.com/2010/10/07/cities-china-chicago-opinions-columnists-joel-kotkin_slide_4.html |archive-date=14 October 2010}}</ref> The state is rich in [[calcite]], [[gypsum]], [[manganese]], [[lignite]], [[bauxite]], [[limestone]], [[agate]], [[feldspar]], and [[quartz sand]], and successful mining of these minerals is done in their specified areas. Jamnagar is the hub for manufacturing [[brass]] parts. Gujarat produces about 98% of India's required amount of soda ash, and gives the country about 78% of the national requirement of salt. It is one of India's most prosperous states, having a per-capita GDP significantly above India's average. [[Kalol (Panchmahal)|Kalol]], Khambhat, and [[Ankleshwar]] are today known for their oil and natural gas production. Dhuvaran has a thermal power station, which uses coal, oil, and gas. Also, on the Gulf of Khambhat, {{cvt|50|km|mi}} southeast of Bhavnagar, is the Alang Ship Recycling Yard (the world's largest). [[MG Motor India]] manufactures its cars at Halol near [[Vadodara]], The world's least expensive car, the [[Tata Nano]], was manufactured in [[Sanand]] near Ahmedabad. [[Surat]], a city by the [[Gulf of Khambhat]], is a hub of the global diamond trade. In 2003, 92% of the world's diamonds were cut and polished in Surat.<ref name="time.com">{{Cite magazine |last=Adiga |first=Aravind |date=12 April 2004 |title=Uncommon Brilliance |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,501040419-610100,00.html |url-status=dead |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729170654/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,501040419-610100,00.html |archive-date=29 July 2010 |access-date=4 May 2010}}</ref> The diamond industry employs 500,000 people in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lum |first=Kathryn |date=16 October 2014 |title=The rise and rise of Belgium's Indian diamond dynasties |publisher=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |url=http://theconversation.com/the-rise-and-rise-of-belgiums-indian-diamond-dynasties-32332 |url-status=live |access-date=17 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518054721/http://theconversation.com/the-rise-and-rise-of-belgiums-indian-diamond-dynasties-32332 |archive-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

At an investor's summit entitled "Vibrant Gujarat Global Investor Summit", arranged between 11 and 13 January 2015, at Mahatma Mandir, Gandhinagar, the state government signed 21000 Memoranda of Understanding for Special Economic Zones worth a total of {{Indian Rupee}} 2.5&nbsp;million crores ([[Long and short scales|short scale]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title='Vibrant Gujarat' signs 21000 MoUs worth Rs 25 lakh cr |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-01-12/news/57982792_1_lakh-crore-mous-narendra-modi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115190330/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-01-12/news/57982792_1_lakh-crore-mous-narendra-modi |archive-date=15 January 2015 |access-date=20 December 2014 |website=The Economic Times Line}}</ref> However, most of the investment was from domestic industry.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vibrant Gujarat sees one foreign investor, the Business Standard |url=http://www.business-standard.com/economy/storypage.php?leftnm=3&subLeft=1&chklogin=N&autono=271739&tab=r |url-status=dead |access-date=30 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108232701/http://www.business-standard.com/economy/storypage.php?leftnm=3&subLeft=1&chklogin=N&autono=271739&tab=r |archive-date=8 January 2009}}</ref> In the fourth Vibrant Gujarat Global Investors' Summit held at Science City, Ahmedabad, in January 2009, there were 600 foreign delegates. In all, 8668 MOUs worth {{Indian Rupee}} 12500&nbsp;billion were signed, estimated to create 2.5&nbsp;million new job opportunities in the state.<ref name="in.rediff.com">{{Cite web |date=10 March 2008 |title=Gujarat aims at 15% industrial growth: Rediff.com Business |url=http://in.rediff.com/money/2008/mar/10guj.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622031757/http://in.rediff.com/money/2008/mar/10guj.htm |archive-date=22 June 2011 |access-date=16 July 2010 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> In 2011, Vibrant Gujarat Global Investors' Summit MOUs worth {{Indian Rupee}} 21&nbsp;trillion ({{USD}} 463&nbsp;billion) were signed.

Gujarat is a state with surplus electricity.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2014 |title=How Gujarat became a power surplus State |work=Business Line |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/how-gujarat-became-a-power-surplus-state/article6105053.ece |access-date=16 February 2016}}</ref> The [[Kakrapar Atomic Power Station]] is a nuclear power station run by NPCIL that lies in the proximity of the city of Surat. According to the official sources, against demand of 40,793&nbsp;million units during the nine months since April 2010, Gujarat produced 43,848&nbsp;million units. Gujarat sold surplus power to 12 states: Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 March 2011 |title=Gujarat sold surplus power to 12 states |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Gujarat-sold-surplus-power-to-12-states/articleshow/7650494.cms |url-status=live |access-date=20 December 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708120149/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-08/ahmedabad/28667798_1_surplus-power-industrial-units-uninterrupted-power-supply |archive-date=8 July 2012}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Nano.jpg|Shown here is the [[Tata Nano]], the world's least expensive car.<ref name="forbes.com">{{Cite news |last=Robyn Meredith |date=16 April 2007 |title=The Next People's Car |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/home/free_forbes/2007/0416/070.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118032004/http://www.forbes.com/home/free_forbes/2007/0416/070.html |archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref> The [[Tata Nano]] was manufactured in [[Sanand]], Gujarat.
File:GauravPath1.jpg|[[Surat]] is one of the fastest growing cities in the world.
File:Alang Ship Breaking - panoramio.jpg|[[Alang]] shipbreaking
</gallery>

=== Energy ===
{{see also|Solar power in Gujarat}}
[[File:Astonfield 11.5MW Solar Plant Gujarat.jpg|thumb|Astonfield's 11.5 MW solar plant in Gujarat]]

As of May 2024, the peak power requirement of state is 25,088 MW.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/states-peak-power-demand-grew-by-66-in-9-years/articleshow/110606882.cms | title=State's peak power demand grew by 66% in 9 years | newspaper=The Times of India | date=June 2024 }}</ref> As of March 2024, total installed power generation capacity is 52,945.13 MW. Of this 23,643.41 MW belongs to thermal power generation capacity while 27,461.72 MW (51.87%) belongs to renewable energy generation capacity including 1990 MW [[Hydropower]]. The rest 1840 MW is nuclear power generation capacity.<ref>{{cite web|title=  Western region installed capacity|url=https://npp.gov.in/public-reports/cea/monthly/installcap/2024/MAR/capacity2-Western-2024-03.pdf|website=National Power Portal|access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref> The renewable energy installed capacity includes 11,823 MW wind power and 14,182 MW solar power totalling 26,005 MW, as of June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramesh |first=M. |date=16 June 2024 |title=Gujarat plans ₹96,000 crore transmission infrastructure push |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/gujarat-plans-96000-crore-transmission-infrastructure-push/article68297114.ece |access-date=17 June 2024 |website=www.thehindubusinessline.com |language=en}}</ref> Total rooftop solar power installation capacity of state is 3455.90 MW, as of April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 5 States In Rooftop Solar In India – Saur Energy International |url=https://www.saurenergy.com/solar-energy-blog/top-5-states-in-rooftop-solar-in-india |access-date=17 June 2024 |website=www.saurenergy.com|date=24 April 2024 }}</ref>

=== Agriculture ===
[[File:SherdiImage6.JPG|thumb|right|Traditional farming]]
The total geographical area of Gujarat is 19,602,400 hectares, of which crops take up 10,630,700 hectares.{{Verify source|date=July 2013}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agriculture and Co-operation Department, Government of Gujarat: Information, Statistics |url=http://agri.gujarat.gov.in/informations/statistics.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208034720/http://agri.gujarat.gov.in/informations/statistics.htm |archive-date=8 February 2013 |access-date=24 February 2013 |publisher=Agriculture and Co-operation Department, Government of Gujarat}}</ref> The three main sources of growth in Gujarat's agriculture are from cotton production, the rapid growth of high-value foods such as livestock, fruits and vegetables, and from wheat production, which saw an annual average growth rate of 28% between 2000 and 2008 (According to the [[International Food Policy Research Institute]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat State Portal |url=http://www.gujaratindia.com/initiatives/initiatives.htm?enc=TEnmkal8rLd9cWRBUEX85lswwfZZ+o8b+w+YfQPy7dU93tk/rntr0H+OnwOK0bubU/5kzexyi+JTm2rA12QenK3wnOMJgYTOqvtfZeqRdaaFE5dh5rbDG2NUzRJa12on+xN1tLzJGwcCVbF2GvgkPA== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102042740/http://www.gujaratindia.com/initiatives/initiatives.htm?enc=TEnmkal8rLd9cWRBUEX85lswwfZZ+o8b+w+YfQPy7dU93tk%2Frntr0H+OnwOK0bubU%2F5kzexyi+JTm2rA12QenK3wnOMJgYTOqvtfZeqRdaaFE5dh5rbDG2NUzRJa12on+xN1tLzJGwcCVbF2GvgkPA%3D%3D |archive-date=2 January 2013 |access-date=20 February 2013 |publisher=Government of Gujarat}}</ref> Other major produce includes bajra, groundnut, cotton, rice, maize, wheat, mustard, sesame, pigeon pea, green gram, sugarcane, mango, banana, sapota, lime, guava, tomato, potato, onion, cumin, garlic, isabgul and fennel. Whilst, in recent times, Gujarat has seen a high average annual growth of 9% in the agricultural sector, the rest of India has an annual growth rate of around 3%. This success was lauded by former President of India, APJ Abdul Kalam.<ref>{{Cite news |year=2012 |title=Gujarat's agriculture turnaround an eye opener for the entire nation: Dr. Kalam |work=IBTL for CNBC |url=http://www.ibtl.in/video/6413/gujarats-agriculture-turnaround-an-eye-opener-for-the-entire-nation-dr-kalam/ |url-status=dead |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214033503/http://www.ibtl.in/video/6413/gujarats-agriculture-turnaround-an-eye-opener-for-the-entire-nation-dr-kalam |archive-date=14 February 2013}}</ref>

The strengths of Gujarat's agricultural success have been attributed to diversified crops and cropping patters; climatic diversity (8 climatic zones for agriculture); the existence of 4 agricultural universities in the state, which promote research in agricultural efficiency and sustainability;<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pattanayak |first=Debi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQYICqUZJ8UC&pg=PA15 |title=Multilingualism in India |publisher=Multilingual Matters Ltd. |year=1990 |isbn=978-1-85359-072-6 |location=USA |access-date=8 August 2020 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414155116/https://books.google.com/books?id=aQYICqUZJ8UC&pg=PA15 |url-status=live }}</ref> co-operatives; adoption of hi-tech agriculture such as tissue culture, green houses and shed-net houses; agriculture export zones; strong marketing infrastructure, which includes cold storage, processing units, logistic hubs and consultancy facilities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Modi |first=Narendra |title=Agricultural Exhibition and Conference |url=http://www2.kenes.com/agritech-asia/about/Pages/About_Gujarat.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629005930/http://www2.kenes.com/agritech-asia/about/Pages/About_Gujarat.aspx |archive-date=29 June 2013 |access-date=20 February 2013 |publisher=Agritech Asia}}</ref>

Gujarat is the main producer of tobacco, cotton, and groundnuts in India. Other major food crops produced are rice, wheat, ''jowar, bajra'', maize, ''tur'', and ''gram''. The state has an agricultural economy; the total crop area amounts to more than one-half of the total land area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Gujarat State Agriculture Marketing Board |url=http://agri.gujarat.gov.in/gujarati/boards_corporations/gs-agri-mark-board/agri_profile.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204125421/http://agri.gujarat.gov.in/gujarati/boards_corporations/gs-agri-mark-board/agri_profile.htm |archive-date=4 February 2011 |access-date=16 July 2010 |publisher=Agri.gujarat.gov.in}}</ref>

Animal husbandry and dairying have played vital roles in the rural economy of Gujarat. Dairy farming, primarily concerned with milk production, functions on a co-operative basis and has more than a million members. Gujarat is the largest producer of milk in India. The [[Amul]] milk co-operative federation is well known all over India, and it is Asia's biggest dairy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 September 2006 |title=Amul to become world's largest liquid milk brand-Food-Cons. Products-News By Industry-News |work=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News-By-Industry/Cons-Products/Food/Amul-to-become-worlds-largest-liquid-milk-brand/articleshow/1988793.cms |url-status=live |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518071424/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News-By-Industry/Cons-Products/Food/Amul-to-become-worlds-largest-liquid-milk-brand/articleshow/1988793.cms |archive-date=18 May 2014}}</ref> Among the livestock raised are, buffaloes and other cattle, sheep, and goats. As per the results of livestock census 1997, there were 20.97&nbsp;million head of livestock in Gujarat State. In the estimates of the survey of major livestock products, during the year 2002–03, Gujarat produced 6.09&nbsp;million tonnes of milk, 385&nbsp;million eggs and 2.71&nbsp;million kg of wool. Gujarat also contributes inputs to the textiles, oil, and soap industries.

The adoption of cooperatives in Gujarat is widely attributed to much of the success in the agricultural sector, particularly sugar and dairy [[cooperative]]s. Cooperative farming has been a component of India's strategy for agricultural development since 1951. Whilethe success of these was mixed throughout the country, their positive impact on the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat have been the most significant. In 1995 alone, the two states had more registered co-operatives than any other region in the country. Out of these, the agricultural cooperatives have received much attention. Many have focused on subsidies and credit to farmers and rather than collective gathering, they have focused on facilitating collective processing and marketing of produce. However, whilethey have led to increased productivity, their effect on equity in the region has been questioned, because membership in agricultural co-operatives has tended to favour landowners whilelimiting the entry of landless agricultural labourers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ebrahim |first=Alnoor |year=2000 |title=Agricultural cooperatives in Gujarat, India: Agents of equity or differentiation? |journal=Development in Practice |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=178–188 |doi=10.1080/09614520050010214 |s2cid=154497407}}</ref> An example of co-operative success in Gujarat can be illustrated through dairy co-operatives, with the particular example of [[Amul]] (Anand Milk Union Limited).
[[File:Amul Plant at Anand.jpg|thumb|right|Amul plant at Anand]]

Amul was formed as a dairy cooperative in 1946,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bellur |first1=Venkatakrishna |last2=Saraswathi P. Singh |last3=Radharao Chaganti |last4=Rajeswararao Chaganti |year=1990 |title=The white revolution—How Amul brought milk to India |journal=Long Range Planning |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=71–79 |doi=10.1016/0024-6301(90)90104-C}}</ref> in the city of Anand, Gujarat. The cooperative, Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd.
(GCMMF), is jointly owned by around 2.6&nbsp;million milk producers in Gujarat. Amul has been seen as one of the best examples of cooperative achievement and success in a developing economy and the Amul pattern of growth has been taken as a model for rural development, particularly in the agricultural sector of developing economies. The company stirred the White Revolution of India (also known as [[Operation Flood]]), the world's biggest dairy development program, and made the milk-deficient nation of India the largest milk producer in the world, in 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 December 2011 |title=India largest milk producing nation in 2010–11: NDDB |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/India-largest-milk-producing-nation-in-2010-11-NDDB/Article1-785018.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=23 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426131554/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/India-largest-milk-producing-nation-in-2010-11-NDDB/Article1-785018.aspx |archive-date=26 April 2013}}</ref> The "Amul Model" aims to stop the exploitation by middlemen and encourage freedom of movement since the farmers are in control of procurement, processing and packaging of the milk and milk products.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Amul Model |url=http://www.amul.com/m/about-us |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306085945/http://www.amul.com/m/about-us |archive-date=6 March 2013 |access-date=23 February 2013 |publisher=Amul}}</ref> The company is worth 2.5&nbsp;billion US dollars ({{as of|2012|lc=y}}).<ref>{{Cite web |title=News Release: Taste of India Continues to Commemorate its Producers |url=http://www.amul.com/files/pdf/ENGLISH-AGM-PRESS-RELEASE.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202224507/http://www.amul.com/files/pdf/ENGLISH-AGM-PRESS-RELEASE.pdf |archive-date=2 February 2013 |access-date=23 February 2013 |publisher=GCMMF}}</ref>

70% of Gujarat's area is classified as semi-arid to arid climatically, thus the demand on water from various economic activities puts a strain on the supply.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Suran |first=B |date=10 June 2012 |title=Is Agriculture in Gujarat on a Different Growth Trajectory? |journal=Social Science Research Network |publisher=National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) |ssrn=2080876}}</ref> Of the total gross irrigated area, 16–17% is irrigated by government-owned canals and 83–84% by privately owned tube wells and other wells extracting groundwater, which is the predominant source of irrigation and water supply to the agricultural areas. As a result, Gujarat has faced problems with [[overdrafting|groundwater depletion]], especially after demand for water increased in the 1960s. As access to electricity in rural areas increased, submersible electric pumps became more popular in the 1980s and 1990s. However, the Gujarat Electricity Board switched to flat tariff rates linked to the horsepower of pumps, which increased tubewell irrigation again and decreased the use of electric pumps. By the 1990s, groundwater abstraction rates exceeded groundwater recharge rate in many districts, while only 37.5% of all districts has "safe" recharge rates. Groundwater maintenance and preventing unnecessary loss of the available water supplies is now an issue faced by the state.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gulati |first=Ashok |url=http://www.gujaratcmfellowship.org/document/Agriculture/Agriculture%20Performance%20in%20Gujarat%20since%202000_IWMI%20&%20IFPRI%20Report-_May%202009.pdf |title=Agriculture performance in Gujarat since 2000 |publisher=International Water Management Institute & International Food Policy Research Institute |year=2009 |page=10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221231/http://www.gujaratcmfellowship.org/document/Agriculture/Agriculture%20Performance%20in%20Gujarat%20since%202000_IWMI%20%26%20IFPRI%20Report-_May%202009.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Sardar Sarovar Project, a debated dam project in the Narmada valley consisting of a network of canals, has significantly increased irrigation in the region. However, its impact on communities who were displaced is still a contested issue. In 2012 Gujarat began an experiment to reduce water loss due to evaporation in canals and to increase sustainability in the area, by constructing solar panels over the canals. In a one megawatt (MW) solar power project set up at Chandrasan, Gujarat uses solar panels fixed over a 750-metre stretch of an irrigation canal. Unlike many solar power projects, this one does not take up large amounts of land since the panels are constructed over the canals, and not on additional land. This results in lower upfront costs since land does not need to be acquired, cleared or modified to set up the panels. The Chandrasan project is projected to save 9&nbsp;million litres of water per year.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharma |first=D.C. |date=June 2012 |title=India Launches Solar Power Project |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |volume=10 |issue=5 |page=230 |doi=10.1890/i1540-9295-10-5-228 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

The Government of Gujarat, to improve [[soil management]] and introduce farmers to new technology, started on a project which involved giving every farmer a Soil Health Card. This acts like a ration card, providing permanent identification for the status of cultivated land, as well as farmers' names, account numbers, survey numbers, [[soil fertility]] status and general fertiliser dose. Samples of land from each village are taken and analysed by the [[Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilisers|Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertiliser Corporation]], State Fertiliser Corporation and [[Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited|Indian Farmers Fertilisers Co-operative]]. 1,200,000 [[soil test]] data from the villages was collected as of 2008, from farmer's field villages have gone into a database. Assistance and advice for this project was given by local agricultural universities and crop and soil-specific data was added to the database. This allows the soil test data to be interpreted and recommendations or adjustments made in terms of fertiliser requirements, which are also added to the database.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Attri |first=S.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmqIGTngveIC&pg=PA266 |title=Challenges and Opportunities in Agrometeorology |publisher=Springer |year=2011 |isbn=978-3-642-19360-6 |location=Heidelberg |page=265 |access-date=8 August 2020 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414105621/https://books.google.com/books?id=tmqIGTngveIC&pg=PA266 |url-status=live }}</ref>