Editing Guildford (section)

===Utilities===
Until the start of the 18th century, residents of Guildford obtained their water from [[well]]s or from the Wey. In 1701, William Yarnold received a grant from the borough corporation to erect a waterwheel and pumps to raise river water to a reservoir at the foot of Pewley Down.<ref name=Croker_1999_p104>{{harvnb|Crocker|1999|p=104}}</ref> A network of pipes, formed from the hollow trunks of elm trees, was installed to distribute water through the town.<ref name=Field_2022_p57/> A new well was sunk in the town in 1865, but contamination by sewage resulted in an outbreak of [[typhoid fever]]. By 1898, the mains water infrastructure in the town was well-developed and included both gas- and coal-powered pumps.<ref name=Croker_1999_p104/> In 1952, the Guildford Corporation sold the town's water supply infrastructure to the Guildford, Godalming and District Water Board.<ref name=Davey_Context>{{cite news |last= Davey |first= John |date= March 2007 |title= The Guildford Town Mill mini-hydro project |work= Context |issue= 98 |pages= 17–20}}</ref>

The town sewerage system, including the wastewater treatment works at Bellfields, was constructed between 1889 and 1895.<ref name=Corke_1990_Burden>{{harvnb|Corke|1990|loc=Chapter: The burden of progress}}</ref> The current sewage works date from the 1960s, but will be relocated to a site {{cvt|1.5|km|mi}} to the north, as part of the Slyfield Area Regeneration Project. The move will release land for up to 1500 new homes. The new works are expected to open in 2026.<ref>{{cite news |date= 28 May 2021 |title= Guildford residents consulted on sewage works relocation plan |work= Fluid Handling International |url= https://fluidhandlingmag.com/news/guildford-residents-consulted-on-sewage-works-relocation-plan/ |access-date= 4 August 2022 |archive-date= 28 May 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210528102154/https://fluidhandlingmag.com/news/guildford-residents-consulted-on-sewage-works-relocation-plan/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1= Pujeh |first1= Sallu |last2= Russell |first2= Dan |date= 9 June 2022 |title= Relocation of Guildford Sewage Treatment Works – the story so far |publisher= ICE |url= https://www.ice.org.uk/events/latest-events/relocation-of-guildford-sewage-treatment-works-the-story-so-far/ |access-date= 4 August 2022 |archive-date= 4 August 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220804212531/https://www.ice.org.uk/events/latest-events/relocation-of-guildford-sewage-treatment-works-the-story-so-far/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date= 11 August 2021 |title= Contractors appointed for new Thames Water sewage works in Guildford |publisher= Thames Water |url= https://www.thameswater.co.uk/about-us/newsroom/latest-news/2021/aug/guildford-stw-contractors-announced |access-date= 4 August 2022 |archive-date= 17 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210917122101/https://www.thameswater.co.uk/about-us/newsroom/latest-news/2021/aug/guildford-stw-contractors-announced |url-status= live }}</ref>

The first gasworks in Guildford was opened in 1824 and street lighting was installed in May of that year.<ref>{{cite news |title= London, April 27 |date= 1 May 1825 |work= Jackson's Oxford Journal |issue= 3705}}</ref> The construction of a larger facility was authorised by parliament in 1857.<ref>{{cite news |title= Royal Assent |date= 27 June 1857 |work= The Standard |location= London |issue= 10256 }}</ref> The gasworks closed in the late 1960s and the area was cleared for the construction of the Bedford Road Sports Centre and the associated car park. Since 2000, part of the site has been occupied by the Odeon Cinema complex.<ref name=Newman_200_pp169-170>{{harvnb|Newman|2002|pp=74, 169–170}}</ref>

[[File:Electric Theatre, Guildford.JPG|thumb|right|The former Onslow Street power station is now the [[Electric Theatre]].]]
The first electricity-generating station was opened in 1896 in Onslow Street with an [[nameplate capacity|installed capacity]] of 60 [[Watt|kW]]. It was rebuilt and extended in 1913<ref name=Crocker_1999_p113>{{harvnb|Crocker|1999|p=113}}</ref> and was replaced in May 1928 by [[Guildford power station|a new plant in Woodbridge Road]].<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title= Guildford Electricity Supply |date= 31 May 1928 |issue= 44907 |page= 11}}</ref>{{refn|The [[Guildford power station|Woodbridge Road power station]] used river water for condensing steam and cooling. It had two slender chimneys for the boilers, which delivered 150,000&nbsp;lb/hr (18.9&nbsp;kg/s) of steam to the [[Alternator|turbo-alternators]].<ref name=":1">''CEGB Statistical Yearbook 1966'', CEGB, London.</ref>|group=note}} Under the [[Electricity (Supply) Act 1926]], Guildford was connected to the [[National Grid (Great Britain)|National Grid]], initially to a 33&nbsp;kV [[electric power transmission|supply ring]], which linked the town to Woking, Godalming, Farnham, Hindhead and Aldershot.<ref name=Crocker_1999_p118>{{harvnb|Crocker|1999|p=118}}</ref> The [[Electricity sector in the United Kingdom|electricity industry]] was [[nationalization|nationalised]] in 1948 and ownership of the Woodbridge Road station passed to the [[British Electricity Authority]] and then to the [[Central Electricity Generating Board]] (CEGB). In 1966 the power station had a generating capacity of 11.25 [[Watt|megawatts]] (MW) and delivered 9,090 [[Kilowatt hour|MWh]] of electricity.<ref name=":1" /> The CEGB closed the station in 1968 and it was subsequently demolished.<ref name=Crocker_1999_p113/>

There have been small-scale renewable electricity installations in Guildford since the start of the 20th century. In around 1907, the inventor, E. Lancaster Burne, erected one of the first [[wind turbine]]s on Pewley Hill to generate electricity for his house.<ref>{{cite web |last= Hodge |first= Nathanael |date= 1 January 2012 |url= https://new.millsarchive.org/2012/01/01/e-lancaster-burne-1869-1946/ |title= E. Lancaster Burne (1869-1946) |publisher= Mills Archive |access-date= 4 August 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Lavender M |title=Tales from Rex Wailes |url=https://mailchi.mp/millsarchive.org/mills-archive-tales-from-rex-wailes-across-the-pond-7471593?e=4a09b850c9 |publisher= Mills Archive |access-date= 1 March 2021 |archive-date=12 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712182028/https://mailchi.mp/millsarchive.org/mills-archive-tales-from-rex-wailes-across-the-pond-7471593?e=4a09b850c9 |url-status=live }}</ref> A hydroelectric project to harness power from the River Wey opened in the former Toll House, part of the [[Town Mill, Guildford|Town Mill]] on Millmead, in 2006. The building, first constructed in 1897, originally housed turbines to pump river water to a reservoir on Pewley Hill.<ref name=Davey_Context/><ref>{{harvnb|Rose|Parke|2015|loc=Fig. 39}}</ref> Over its first ten years of operation, the installation generated over 1.5 GWh of electricity, which was supplied direct to the national grid.<ref>{{cite web |last= Reynolds |first= Chris |year= 2017a |title= Ten years at Guildford hydro-electric plant |publisher= Association for Public Service Excellence |url= https://www.apse.org.uk/apse/index.cfm/news/2017/ten-years-at-guildforde28099s-hydro-electric-plant/ |access-date= 4 August 2022 |archive-date= 1 February 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210201130101/https://www.apse.org.uk/apse/index.cfm/news/2017/ten-years-at-guildforde28099s-hydro-electric-plant/ |url-status= live }}</ref>