Editing Glamorgan (section)

==Administration==
{{See also|History of local government in Wales|Glamorgan County Council}}
[[File:Glamorgan Administrative Map 1947.png|thumb|Administrative map (1947)<br />Click on map to enlarge]]
After the fall of the Welsh kingdom of Morgannwg to [[Robert FitzHamon]] in 1091, the region became the [[England|English]] '''Lordship of Glamorgan''', sometimes called the '''Lordship of Glamorgan and Morgan''' because it was divided into the Norman settled Plain or Vale of Glamorgan and the Welsh upland area called '''Morgannwg''', anglicised to Morgan. Both areas were under the control of the Norman Lords of Glamorgan (often the [[Earl of Gloucester|Earls of Gloucester]]).<ref name="Rees" /> As well as building a military and defensive network, the Normans also undertook an ecclesiastical reorganisation on Glamorgan.<ref name="Newman39"/> In Llandaff there was a small monastic community based on a small church; which was made the headquarters of the diocese, incorporated into the [[Province of Canterbury]]. The [[Diocese of Llandaff]] covered almost the entirety of Glamorgan<ref name="Newman39"/> and continued throughout the history of the county of Glamorgan, and through to modern times.

In 1536, the [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542|Laws in Wales Act 1535]] attached the [[Gower (Lordship)|Lordship of Gower and Kilvey]] to Glamorgan and created the [[Historic counties of Wales|historic county]] of Glamorgan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://owain.vaughan.com/1535c26/ |title=Laws in Wales Act 1535 |publisher=Owain.vaughan.com |access-date=19 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204133823/http://owain.vaughan.com/1535c26/ |archive-date=4 February 2012  }}</ref> Along with gaining parliamentary representation in 1536, Glamorgan became part of the King's circuit, with judges from England administering law at the [[Assizes (England and Wales)|Great Session or Assizes]].<ref name="Wade160"/> Local magistrates were appointed to deal with petty sessions while [[Lord Lieutenant|Lords Lieutenant]] were appointed as the King's representative. Law enforcement within the confines of the shire was the responsibility of the [[High Sheriff of Glamorgan]].

From the 1790s a call was made for parliamentary reform to address the imbalance between the number of Members of Parliament for each Welsh county and the population each seat represented. [[Radnorshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Radnorshire]] had only a tenth of the population of Glamorganshire,<ref name="Davies650">Davies (2008), p.650</ref> though Radnorshire had one MP to Glamorganshire's two (Glamorgan and the [[Cardiff (UK Parliament constituency)|District of Cardiff]]). The [[Reform Act 1832|First Reform Act (1832)]] gave five more seats to Wales, three went to Glamorganshire. The Act increased the number of MPs for Glamorganshire from one to two, it created the separate [[Swansea District (UK Parliament constituency)|District of Swansea]] and [[Merthyr Tydfil (UK Parliament constituency)|Merthyr Tydfil]] became a borough constituency.<ref name="Davies650"/> Reflecting the increased importance and wealth of Merthyr the borough was given a second MP after the [[Reform Act 1867]]. However, the 1867 Act had only a limited impact in [[Glamorgan (UK Parliament constituency)|Glamorgan]] as the majority of the population lived in the county constituency. Out of 162,241 inhabitants of the county in 1880, only 12,785 had the vote. Conversely, the borough electorate, in Cardiff, Swansea and Merthyr Tydfil had been greatly expanded. This was particularly true of Merthyr where the electorate was increased tenfold to 14,577.{{sfn|Morgan|1960|pp=6–7}} As a result, the nonconformist radical, [[Henry Richard]], was returned as senior member for Merthyr, an important watershed in Welsh political history.

In 1884, the county members were the octogenarian C.R.M. Talbot, who had served since 1830 and the Swansea industrialist, Hussey Vivian, first elected in 1857. In 1885, all ten of the Glamorgan seats were captured by the Liberal Party and this election represented the triumph of the nonconformist middle classes.{{sfn|Morgan|1960|p=9}} However, the political representation of Glamorgan was transformed between 1884 and 1922. By 1922, the county was represented by eleven Labour MPs.{{sfn|Morgan|1960|p=6}} The transformation commenced with the [[Redistribution of Seats Act 1885]]. Glamorganshire was split from its two Members of Parliament to five, with the creation of constituencies for [[East Glamorganshire (UK Parliament constituency)|East]], [[Mid Glamorganshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Mid]] and [[South Glamorganshire (UK Parliament constituency)|South Glamorganshire]], [[Gower (UK Parliament constituency)|Gower]] and [[Rhondda (UK Parliament constituency)|Rhondda]].<ref name="Davies650"/> An additional [[Swansea Town (UK Parliament constituency)|Swansea Town]] constituency was created, distinct from Swansea District but the Cardiff constituency remained unchanged, and with over 85,000 inhabitants became the largest single-member constituency in the United Kingdom. At this election, all ten members returned for Glamorgan were Liberals, an event which marked the ascendancy of the nonconformist middle-class as a powerful political force.{{sfn|Morgan|1960|pp=8–9}} Although most of these seats now had the working-class electorate in a majority they were safe for the Liberals as long as the labour element remained in the Liberal fold.{{sfn|Morgan|1960|p=12}}

An administrative county of [[Glamorgan County Council, 1889-1974|Glamorgan]] was created under the [[Local Government Act 1888]], excluding Swansea and Cardiff, which became independent [[county borough]]s. In 1908, county borough status was also granted to [[Merthyr Tydfil County Borough|Merthyr Tydfil]], despite protests from the southern part of the borough, where it was claimed that links were stronger with [[Pontypridd]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10243646&c_id=10001043 |title=A Vision of Britain through Time: Relationships/Unit History of Merthyr Tudful |publisher=Visionofbritain.org.uk |access-date=19 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205233833/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10243646&c_id=10001043 |archive-date=5 December 2007  }}</ref><ref name="Davies, p.173">Davies (2008), p.173</ref> In 1935, a [[Royal Commission]] argued that Merthyr Tydfil County Borough, then heavily burdened by the cost of maintaining many unemployed people, should be abolished and merged with Glamorgan. The county council refused the proposal.<ref name="Davies, p.173"/>

The first chairman of the County Council was [[Henry Vivian, 1st Baron Swansea]].<ref name="Thomas">Thomas (1966)</ref> The county council's coat of arms, granted in 1950, was: ''Or, three chevronels gules between as many Tudor roses barbed and seeded proper''. The red chevronels on a gold shield were the arms of the [[De Clare]] [[Marcher Lords]], while the roses recorded the shiring of Glamorgan by [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]. The crest above the shield was a [[Y ddraig goch|Welsh dragon]] rising from flames, symbolising the revival of the county's industry following a period of economic depression. The dragon supported a flag bearing a [[clarion (heraldry)|clarion]] from the arms of the De Granville family, lords of Neath. The [[supporters]] of the arms were a coalminer and a steel worker. The [[motto]] adopted by the county council: {{lang|cy|A Ddioddefws A Orfu}} or 'He Who suffered, conquered' was that of the lineage of [[Iestyn ap Gwrgant]], and was considered appropriate to an area whose wealth depended on great hardship.<ref name=briggs>Geoffrey Briggs, ''Civic and Corporate Heraldry'', London, 1971</ref><ref name=sgiles>C Wilfrid Scott-Giles, ''Civic Heraldry of England and Wales'', 2nd edition, London, 1953</ref>

Under the [[Local Government Act 1972#Wales|Local Government Act 1972]], the county boroughs and administrative county of Glamorgan were abolished on 1 April 1974, with three new counties being established, each containing a former county borough: [[West Glamorgan]], [[Mid Glamorgan]], [[South Glamorgan]]. It 1996 these areas were reorganised into several [[unitary authority|unitary authorities]] by the [[Local Government (Wales) Act 1994|Local Government Act of 1994]]. The [[South Wales Police]] force covers an area that is similar to Glamorgan.<ref>[http://www.south-wales.police.uk/publications/2007-2008/Annual_Plan_07-08_final.pdf Your Police: Our Plan 2007–2008] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217084410/http://www.south-wales.police.uk/publications/2007-2008/Annual_Plan_07-08_final.pdf |date=17 December 2008 }}</ref> Since 2013, Glamorgan has had its own official [[Flag of Glamorgan|flag]], red with three white chevrons.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://britishcountyflags.wordpress.com/2013/09/24/glamorgan-flag/ |title=Glamorgan Flag |work=British County Flags |date=24 September 2013 |access-date=15 August 2015}}</ref>

{{Glamorgan elections|state=collapsed}}

=== Civil parishes ===
Until 1974 Glamorgan was divided into civil parishes, which in the medieval period comprised the following 125 parishes, listed by [[Hundred (county division)|hundred]] (with chapelries in ''italics''):<ref>{{Cite web |last=GENUKI |title=Genuki: Glamorgan Towns and Parishes, Glamorgan |url=https://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/GLA/parishes |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=www.genuki.org.uk |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Hundred
!Parishes
|-
!Caerphilly
|[[Eglwysilan]] • [[Gelligaer]] • [[Llanvabon|Llanfabon/Llanvabon]] • [[Merthyr Tydfil|Merthyr Tudful/Merthyr Tydfil]] • [[Rudry|Yr Ywdre/Rudry]] • [[Whitchurch, Cardiff|Whitchurch/Yr Eglwys Newydd]]
|-
!Cowbridge
|[[Eglwys Brewis|Eglwys Brewys/Eglwys Brewis]] • [[Gileston|Gileston/Silstwn]] • [[St Athan|Llandathan/St Athan]] • [[Llandough, Llanfair|Llandochau/Llandough-juxta-Cowbridge]] • [[Welsh St Donats|Llanddunwyd/Welsh St Donats]] •  [[Llanmaes|Llanfaes/Llanmaes]] • [[Llanfair, Vale of Glamorgan|Llanfair/St Mary Church]] • Llanfihangel-y-bont-faen/Llanmihangel • [[Flemingston|Llanfihangel y Twyn/Flemingston]] • [[Llanblethian|Llanfleiddian/Llanblethian]] ([[Cowbridge|''Pontyfon/Cowbridge'']]) • [[Llanharan]] • [[Llanharry|Llanhari/Llanharry]] • [[St Hilary, Vale of Glamorgan|Llanilar/St Hilary]] • [[Llanilid]] • [[Llantwit Major|Llanilltud Fawr/Llantwit Major]] • [[Llansannor|Llansanwyr/Llansannor]] • [[Llysworney|Llyswyrni/Llysworney]] • [[Pendoylan|Pendeulwyn/Pendoylan]] • [[Ystradowen|Ystradowain/Ystradowen]]
|-
!Dinas Powis
|[[Bonvilston|Bonvilston/Tresimwn]] • [[Cadoxton, Vale of Glamorgan|Cadoxton-juxta-Barry/Tregatwg]] • [[Cogan, Vale of Glamorgan|Cogan]] • [[Wenvoe|Gwenfô/Wenvoe]] • [[Lavernock|Lavernock/Larnog]] • [[Leckwith|Lecwydd/Leckwith]] • [[Peterston-super-Ely|Llanbedr-y-fro/Peterston-super-Ely]] • [[Llancarfan]] (''[[Llancadle|Llancatal/Llancadle]]'') • [[Llandough, Penarth|Llandochau Fach/Llandough-juxta-Penarth]] • [[Michaelston-super-Ely|Llanfihangel-ar-Elái/Michaelston-super-Ely]] • [[Michaelston-le-Pit|Llanfihangel-y-pwll/Michaelston-le-Pit]] • Llanilltwrn/Llanilltern • [[St Brides-super-Ely|Llansanffraid-ar-Elái/St Brides-super-Ely]] • [[Llantrithyd|Llantriddyd/Llantrithyd]] • [[St Lythans|Llwyneliddon/St Lythans]] • [[Merthyr Dyfan]] • [[Penarth]] • [[Penmark|Penmarc/Penmark]] • [[Porthkerry|Porthceri/Porthkerry]] • [[St Andrews Major|St Andrews Major/Sain Andras]] • [[St Fagans|St Fagans/Sain Ffagan]] • [[St Georges super Ely|St George-super-Ely/Sain Siorys]] • [[St Nicholas, Vale of Glamorgan|St Nicholas/Sain Nicolas]] • [[Sully, Vale of Glamorgan|Sully/Sili]] • [[Barry, Vale of Glamorgan|Y Barri/Barry]] 
|-
![[Kibbor|Ceibwr/Kibbor]]
|[[Caerau, Cardiff|Caerau]] • [[Cardiff|Caerdyf/Cardiff]] St Mary (''Caerdyf/Cardiff St John'') • [[Llandaff|Llandaf/Llandaff]] • [[Llanedeyrn|Llanedern/Llanedeyrn]] • [[Llanishen|Llanisien/Llanishen]] • [[Lisvane|Llysfaen/Lisvane]] • [[Roath|Y Rhath/Roath]]
|-
!Llangyfelach
|[[Llangyfelach|Llangyfelach/Llangefelach]] • Llangiwg/Llanguick • [[Llansamlet|Llansamlet/Llansamled]]
|-
!Miskin
|[[Aberdare|Aberdâr/Aberdare]] • [[Llantrisant|Llantrisant/Llantrisaint]] (''Talygarn'') • [[Llantwit Fardre|Llanilltud Faerdref/Llantwit Fardre]] • [[Llanwonno|Llanwynno/Llanwonno]] • [[Pentyrch]] • [[Radyr|Radur/Radyr]] • [[Ystradyfodwg|Ystrad Dyfodwg/Ystradyfodwg]]
|-
!Neath
|[[Aberavon|Aberafan/Aberavon]] • [[Baglan, Neath Port Talbot|Baglan]] • [[Neath|Castell-nedd/Neath]] • [[Cilybebyll]] • [[Cwmafan|Cwmafan/Michaelston-super-Avon]] • [[Glyncorrwg]] • [[Cadoxton-juxta-Neath|Llangatwg/Cadoxton-juxta-Neath]] • Llanilltud/Llantwit-juxta-Neath • [[Briton Ferry|Llansawel/Briton Ferry]]
|-
!Newcastle
|[[Bettws, Bridgend|Betws/Bettws]] • [[Coity|Coety/Coity]] (''Nolton'') • [[Kenfig|Cynffig/Kenfig]] • [[Laleston|Laleston/Trelales]] • [[Tythegston|Llandudwg/Tythegston]] • [[Coychurch|Llangrallo/Coychurch]] (''Llanbedr-ar-Fynydd/Peterston-super-Montem'') • [[Llangynwyd]] • [[St Bride's Minor|Llansanffraid-ar-Ogwr/St Bride's Minor]] • [[Margam]] • Maudlam • [[Newcastle, Bridgend|Newcastle/Y Castell Newydd]] • [[Newton, Porthcawl|Newton Nottage/Drenewydd yn Notais]] • [[Nottage|Nottage/Notais]]
|-
!Ogmore
|[[Colwinston|Colwinston/Tregolwyn]] • [[St Mary Hill|Eglwys Fair y Mynydd/St Mary Hill]] • [[Ewenny|Ewenni/Ewenny]] • Llandyfodwg/Llandyvodog • [[Llandow|Llandŵ/Llandow]] • [[Penllyn, Vale of Glamorgan|Llanfrynach]] • [[Llangan|Llanganna/Llangan]] • [[Llangeinor|Llangeinwyr/Llangeinor]] • [[Marcross|Marcroes/Marcross]] • [[Merthyr Mawr]] • Monknash • St Andrews Minor • [[St Brides Major|St Brides Major/Sant-y-brid]] • [[St Donats|St Donats/Sain Dunwyd]] • [[Wick, Vale of Glamorgan|Wick/Y Wig]]
|-
!Swansea
|[[Loughor|Casllwchwr/Loughor]] • Cheriton • Llanddewi • [[Bishopston, Swansea|Llandeilo Ferwallt/Bishopston]] • [[Pontarddulais|Llandeilo Talybont]] • [[Llangennith|Llangenydd/Llangennith]] • [[Ilston|Llanilltud Gwyr/Ilston]] • Llanmadog/Llanmadoc • Llanrhidian (''Llanyrnewydd'') • [[List of villages in Gower|Llan-y-tair-mair/Knelston]] • Nicholaston • [[Oxwich]] • Penmaen • [[Pennard]] • [[Penrice (community)|Penrhys/Penrice]] • [[Port Eynon|Port Einon/Port Eynon]] • [[Reynoldston]] • [[Rhossili|Rhosili/Rhossili]] • St John-juxta-Swansea • [[Swansea|Swansea/Abertawe]] • [[Oystermouth|Ystumllwynarth/Oystermouth]]
|}