Editing Ghost (section)

===Judaism===
{{See also|Dybbuk}}[[File:Witch of Endor (Nikolay Ge).jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.3|''Witch of Endor'' by [[Nikolai Ge]], depicting [[King Saul]] encountering the ghost of [[Samuel]] (1857)]]

The [[Hebrew Bible]] contains several references to ''[https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=H178&t=KJV owb]'' ({{langx|he|אוֹב}}), which are in a few places akin to [[shade (mythology)|shades]] of classical mythology but mostly describing [[Mediumship|mediums]] in connection with [[necromancy]] and spirit-consulting, which are grouped with witchcraft and other forms of [[divination]] under the category of forbidden [[occult]] activities.<ref>[[Deuteronomy]] 18:11</ref> The most notable reference to a shade is in the [[Books of Samuel|First Book of Samuel]],<ref>[[1 Samuel]] 28:3–19</ref> in which a disguised [[Saul the King|King Saul]] has the [[Witch of Endor]] conduct a seance to summon the dead prophet [[Samuel]]. A similar term appearing throughout the scriptures is ''[https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?t=kjv&strongs=h7497 repha'(im)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043436/https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?t=kjv&strongs=h7497 |date=2019-03-06 }}'' ({{langx|he|רְפָאִים}}), which while describing the race of "[[Rephaite|giants]]" formerly inhabiting Canaan in many verses, also refer to (the spirits of) dead ancestors of [[Sheol]] (like shades) in many others such as in the [[Book of Isaiah]].<ref>[[Isaiah]] 14:9, 26:14-19</ref>

[[Jewish mythology]] and folkloric traditions describe ''[[dybbuk]]s'', malicious possessing spirits believed to be the dislocated soul of a dead person. However, the term does not appear in the [[Kabbalah]] or [[Talmud]]ic literature, where it is rather called an "unclean spirit" or {{Transliteration|he|ru'aḥ tumah}} ({{Langx|he|רוּחַ טוּמְאָה}}). It supposedly leaves the host body once it has accomplished its goal, sometimes after being [[Exorcism#Judaism|helped]].<ref name="Falk">{{cite book |last=Falk |first=Avner |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z10-Xz9Kno4C&q=dybbuk&pg=PA538 |title=A Psychoanalytic History of the Jews |date=26 May 1996 |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press |isbn=978-0-8386-3660-2 |via=Google Books |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=24 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024084904/https://books.google.com/books?id=z10-Xz9Kno4C&q=dybbuk&pg=PA538#v=snippet&q=dybbuk&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |url=https://www.britannica.com/ |contribution=Dybbuk |contribution-url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/174964/dybbuk |access-date=2009-06-10 |archive-date=2018-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126232606/https://www.britannica.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="EJ">[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0005_0_05197.html "Dibbuk", Encyclopedia Judaica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009154955/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0005_0_05197.html |date=2016-10-09 }}, by [[Gershom Scholem]].</ref>