Editing Gateway Arch (section)

==Symbolism and culture==
{{quote box |width=215px |salign=right |quote=The Gateway Arch packs a significant symbolic wallop just by standing there. But the Arch has a mission greater than being visually affecting. Its shape and monumental size suggest movement through time and space, and invite inquiry into the complex, fascinating story of our national expansion.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/AWNB/0FDFCA575A89702D/0D7C12F5A8A2A86A |title=Car Tag Sales Will Help Tell Arch's Tale |last=Duffy |first=Robert W. |date=October 4, 2003 |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |page=8 |access-date=February 3, 2011 |issn=1930-9600 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707224739/http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date%3AD&p_product=AWNB&p_text_direct-0=document_id%3D%28%200FDFCA575A89702D%20%29&p_docid=0FDFCA575A89702D&p_theme=aggdocs&p_queryname=0FDFCA575A89702D&f_openurl=yes&p |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> |source= —Robert W. Duffy of the ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]'', October 4, 2003}}

Built as a monument to the westward expansion of the United States, the arch typifies "the pioneer spirit of the men and women who won the West, and those of a latter day to strive on other frontiers." The arch has become the iconic image of St. Louis,<ref name="Courant"/> appearing in many parts of city culture. In 1968, three years after the monument's opening, the St. Louis phone directory contained 65 corporations with "Gateway" in their title and 17 with "Arch". Arches also appeared over gas stations and drive-in restaurants.<ref name="Wolf"/> In the 1970s, a local sports team adopted the name "Fighting Arches"; [[St. Louis Community College]] would later (when consolidating all athletic programs under a single banner) name its sports teams "Archers". Robert S. Chandler, an NPS superintendent, said, "Most [visitors] are awed by the size and scale of the Arch, but they don't understand what it's all about ... Too many people see it as just a symbol of the city of St. Louis."<ref name="McGuire">{{cite news |title=Gateway Arch Now Spanning 10 Years |last=McGuire |first=John |date=October 27, 1975 |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch<!-- |access-date=December 14, 2011--> }}</ref>
[[File:Gateway Arch July 2012.jpg|thumb|left|The Gateway Arch as seen from southern leg]]

The arch has also appeared as a symbol of the State of Missouri. On November 22, 2002, at the [[Missouri State Capitol]], Lori Hauser Holden, wife of then [[List of Governors of Missouri|Governor]] [[Bob Holden]], uncovered the winning design for a Missouri coin design competition as part of the [[50 State quarters#50 State Quarters Program|Fifty States Commemorative Coin Program]]. Designed by [[watercolorist]] [[Paul Jackson (artist)|Paul Jackson]],<ref name="Bell"/> the coin portrays "three members of the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition|Lewis and Clark expedition]] paddling a boat on the Missouri River upon returning to St. Louis" with the arch as the backdrop.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dotan |first=Yossi |title=Watercraft on World Coins: America and Asia, 1800–2008 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vW95H-X295AC&pg=PA231 |page=231 |year=2010 |publisher=[[Sussex Academic Press]] |isbn=978-1-898595-50-2}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Holden said that the arch was "a symbol for the entire state ... Four million visitors each year see the Arch. [The coin] will help make it even more loved worldwide."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/AWNB/0F77DAD6B104EBA9/0D7C12F5A8A2A86A |title=Missouri's Gateway Arch to become coin of the realm |last=Bengali |first=Shashank |date=November 23, 2002 |work=[[The Kansas City Star]] |page=A1 |access-date=February 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707224846/http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date%3AD&p_product=AWNB&p_text_direct-0=document_id%3D%28%200F77DAD6B104EBA9%20%29&p_docid=0F77DAD6B104EBA9&p_theme=aggdocs&p_queryname=0F77DAD6B104EBA9&f_openurl=yes&p |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{#tag:ref |The [[United States Mint|U.S. Mint]] altered Jackson's design to make it less "off balance," however, with three people in the canoe instead of just Lewis and Clark. A Mint representative said the third person was Clark's slave, [[York (explorer)|York]].<ref name="Bell">{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/AWNB/0F77FC01571FE9F0/0D7C12F5A8A2A86A |title=Commemorative Coin? Artist Finds It Forgettable |last=Bell |first=Kim |date=November 23, 2002 |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |page=12 |access-date=February 2, 2011 |issn=1930-9600 }}</ref> The finalized coin entered circulation on August 4, 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/50sq_program/index.cfm?flash=yes&action=Schedule |title=State Quarter Release Schedule |publisher=[[United States Mint]] |access-date=February 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224113032/http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/50sq_program/index.cfm?flash=yes&action=schedule |archive-date=December 24, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |group=lower-alpha}} A special license plate designed by [[Arnold Worldwide]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2003/06/09/daily29.html |title=Arnold Worldwide to design Gateway Arch license plate |date=June 10, 2003 |work=St. Louis Business Journal |access-date=February 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809071220/http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2003/06/09/daily29.html |archive-date=August 9, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> featured the arch, labeled with "{{smallcaps |Gateway to the West}}."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dor.mo.gov/forms/License_Plate_Sample_Book.pdf |title=License Plate Sample Book |publisher=[[Missouri Department of Revenue]] |access-date=February 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809120029/http://dor.mo.gov/forms/License_Plate_Sample_Book.pdf |archive-date=August 9, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Profits earned from selling the plates would fund the museum and other educational components of the arch.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=--0wAAAAIBAJ&pg=6326,246661 |title=Group unveils license plate for Gateway Arch fund-raiser |last=Suhr |first=Jim |date=June 4, 2004 |work=[[The Nevada Daily Mail]] |agency=Associated Press |page=5 |access-date=February 4, 2011 }}</ref>
[[File:Gateway arch reflect 1.jpg|thumb|right |The Arch viewed from one of two reflecting pools]]

Louchheim wrote that although the arch "has a simplicity which should guarantee timeliness", it is entirely [[High modernity|modern]] as well because of the innovative design and its scientific considerations.<ref name="Louchheim1"/> In ''[[The Dallas Morning News]]'', architectural critic David Dillon opined that the arch exists not as a functional edifice but as a symbol of "boundless American optimism". He articulates the arch's multiple "moods"—"reflective in sunlight, soft and pewterish in mist; crisp as a line drawing one moment, chimerical the next"—as a way the arch has "paid for itself many times over in wonder".<ref name="Dillon"/>

Some have questioned whether St. Louis really was—as Saarinen said<ref name="SaarinenPelkonenAlbrecht"/>—the "Gateway to the West". [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]]-born "deadline poet" [[Calvin Trillin]] wrote,<ref>{{cite book |title=Quite Enough of Calvin Trillin |chapter=T. S. Eliot and Me |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SQotHp5x3twC&pg=PT109 |year=2011 |first=Calvin |last=Trillin |author-link=Calvin Trillin |isbn=978-1-4000-6982-8 |publisher=Random House |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/quiteenoughofcal0000tril }}</ref>
<blockquote>I know you're thinking that there are considerable differences between T.S. Eliot and me. Yes, it is true that he was from St. Louis, which started calling itself the Gateway to the West after Eero Saarinen's Gateway Arch was erected, and I'm from Kansas City, where people think of St. Louis not as the Gateway to the West but as the Exit from the East.</blockquote>

With renovations in the 2010s of the visitor center, the message of the arch has been more inclusive in its historic perspective, highlighting the impact of [[colonialism]] and particularly [[Manifest Destiny]] of American [[frontierism]] on the environment, land and people of [[Native Americans in the United States|First Americans]], as well as [[Indigenous peoples of Mexico|Native Mexicans]].<ref name="Kennicott 2018">{{cite news |last=Kennicott |first=Philip |title=Perspective - 50 years later, St. Louis's Gateway Arch emerges with a new name and a skeptical view of western expansion |newspaper=Washington Post |date=June 26, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/50-years-later-st-louis-gateway-arch-emerges-with-a-new-name-and-a-skeptical-view-of-western-expansion/2018/06/25/7cbee8d6-644d-11e8-99d2-0d678ec08c2f_story.html |access-date=June 21, 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NPR.org 2015">{{cite web |title=As Gateway Arch Turns 50, Its Message Gets Reframed |website=NPR.org |date=October 28, 2015 |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/10/28/452299164/as-gateway-arch-turns-50-its-message-gets-reframed |access-date=June 21, 2022 }}</ref> Furthermore exhibiting the urban history of the site and the struggle of its people, as well as of its construction workers for more rights, during the [[civil rights movement]] era.<ref name="Kennicott 2018"/>

Its futuristic style has been seen as a symbol for the [[Fordism|automobile age]] and the surrounding [[automotive city|automobile centric urban]] and [[Interstate Highway System|interstate]] [[infrastructure]], promising a technological future of a new accessible frontier.<ref name="Kennicott 2018"/> This outlook has seen continuation, lending the Gateway Arch's iconic shape and meaning to the name and logo of the future [[Lunar Gateway]], with its purpose as a gateway to the [[Moon]] and [[Mars]].<ref name=sdc20190918>{{cite news |url=https://www.space.com/nasa-lunar-gateway-moon-station-logo.html |title=NASA Reveals New Gateway Logo for Artemis Lunar Orbit Way Station |author=Robert Z. Pearlman |work=space.com |date=September 18, 2019 |access-date=June 28, 2020 |archive-date=June 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628112732/https://www.space.com/nasa-lunar-gateway-moon-station-logo.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Awards and recognitions===
In 1966, the arch was given a Special Award for Excellence from the [[American Institute of Steel Construction]] for being "an outstanding achievement in technology and aesthetics."<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9OVPAAAAMAAJ |journal=Architectural Awards of Excellence |publisher=American Institute of Steel Construction |volume=8 |title=Special Award For Excellence: The Gateway Arch, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial St. Louis, Missouri |year=1966 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xBImAAAAMAAJ |title=Gateway Arch |journal=Constructor |publisher=Associated General Contractors of America |year=1967 |volume=49 |page=182 }}</ref> On February 9, 1967, the arch received the [[American Society of Civil Engineers#Outstanding Projects and Leaders (OPAL) awards|Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement Award]] of 1967 from the [[American Society of Civil Engineers]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ywldAAAAIBAJ&pg=3296,2256152 |title=Gateway Arch Wins Award |date=February 10, 1967 |newspaper=[[St. Joseph Gazette]] |agency=Associated Press |page=4B |access-date=January 11, 2011 }}</ref> The arch was once among ''[[Travel + Leisure]]''{{'}}s unofficial rankings for the most-visited attraction in the world, after [[Lenin's Mausoleum|Lenin's Tomb]], [[Walt Disney World Resort|Disney World]], [[Disneyland]], and the [[Eiffel Tower]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=sHRQAAAAIBAJ&pg=5983,740187 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713104323/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=sHRQAAAAIBAJ&pg=5983,740187 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 13, 2012 |title=St. Louis Gateway Arch 5th in Appeal to Tourists |date=August 3, 1973 |newspaper=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]] |page=23 |access-date=January 11, 2011 }}</ref> On February 22, 1990,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://business.highbeam.com/435553/article-1G1-137868505/history-arch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011010616/http://business.highbeam.com/435553/article-1G1-137868505/history-arch |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 11, 2012 |title=A History of the Arch |date=October 28, 1990 |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |access-date=January 26, 2011 }}</ref> the arch received the [[American Institute of Architects]]' (AIA) Twenty-Five Year Award<ref name="LangmeadGarnaut"/> for its "enduring significance that has withstood the test of time." It was declared "a symbolic bridge between East and West, past and future, engineering and art" that "embodies the boundless optimism of a growing nation."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/AWNB/0EB04C94E287F9B1/0D7C12F5A8A2A86A |title=St. Louis' Pride And Joy |date=February 25, 1990 |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |page=2B |access-date=January 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707225008/http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date%3AD&p_product=AWNB&p_text_direct-0=document_id%3D%28%200EB04C94E287F9B1%20%29&p_docid=0EB04C94E287F9B1&p_theme=aggdocs&p_queryname=0EB04C94E287F9B1&f_openurl=yes&p |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2007, the arch was ranked fourteenth on the AIA's "[[America's Favorite Architecture]]" list.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/info-poparch07-sort2.html |title=Americans' Favorite Buildings |last=Frangos |first=Alex |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=February 7, 2007 |access-date=May 13, 2011 }}</ref>

===Cultural references===
* Dutch composer [[Peter Schat]] wrote a 1997 work, ''Arch Music for St. Louis'', Op. 44.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Eisler |first=Edith |date=May–June 1999 |title=Choice Concerts: Soloists, Duos, and Trios in New York |journal=Strings |volume=13 |issue=78 |url=http://www.stringsmagazine.com/issues/strings78/reviews.html |access-date=February 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105080118/http://www.stringsmagazine.com/issues/Strings78/reviews.html |archive-date=January 5, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="peterschat">{{cite web |url=http://www.peterschat.nl/prognote.html#ARCHuk |title=Program Notes: Arch Music for St. Louis, Op. 44 (1997) |last=Schat |first=Peter |work=peterschat.nl |access-date=February 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724163019/http://www.peterschat.nl/prognote.html |archive-date=July 24, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> for the [[St. Louis Symphony Orchestra]]. It premiered on January 8, 1999, at the [[Powell Symphony Hall]]. Since Schat did not ascend the arch due to his fear of heights, he used his creativity to depict in music someone riding a tram to the top of the arch.<ref name="peterschat"/>
* [[Paul Muldoon]]'s poem, "The Stoic", is set under the Gateway Arch. The work, "an elegy for a miscarried foetus<!--This is the correct British spelling. Please do not change it to "fetus."-->",<ref name="Twiddy">{{cite journal |last=Twiddy |first=Iain |year=2006 |title=Grief Brought to Numbers: Paul Muldoon's Circular Elegies |journal=English |volume=55 |issue=212 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |doi=10.1093/english/55.212.181 |pages=181–199 }}</ref> describes Muldoon's ordeal standing under the Gateway Arch after his wife telephoned and informed him that the baby they were expecting had been miscarried.
* [[Percy Jackson]] encounters [[Echidna (mythology)|Echidna]] and the [[Chimera (mythology)|Chimera]] in the Gateway Arch in ''[[The Lightning Thief]]'' and its [[Percy Jackson and the Olympians (TV series)|television adaptation]], after he, [[Grover Underwood]], and [[Annabeth Chase]] visit the Arch during their trip to California to recover the Master Bolt. Percy faces the Chimera, jumps over 200 meters (600 ft.) out of the Arch, and falls into the Mississippi River.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fox2now.com/news/st-louis-arch-to-play-a-pivotal-role-in-new-disney-show/ |title=St. Louis Arch to play a pivotal role in a new Disney+ show |work=[[KTVI]] |last=Millitzer |first=Joe |date=June 29, 2021 |access-date=August 7, 2022 |archive-date=August 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807193309/https://fox2now.com/news/st-louis-arch-to-play-a-pivotal-role-in-new-disney-show/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* A damaged Gateway Arch is prominently featured in ''[[Defiance (TV series)|Defiance]]'', a science fiction television series. The apex is used as a radio station studio, with the arch itself acting as the station's [[Antenna (radio)|antenna]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stltoday.com/entertainment/television/gail-pennington/defiance-imagines-aliens-humans-in-st-louis/article_bc2d16c8-0d39-50eb-841b-fa86c1aa120a.html |title='Defiance' imagines aliens, humans in 2046 St. Louis |date=April 14, 2013 |access-date=July 12, 2015 |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |last=Pennington |first=Gail }}</ref>