Editing Gastrointestinal tract (section)

===Diseases===
There are many diseases and conditions that can affect the gastrointestinal system, including [[infection]]s, [[inflammation]] and [[cancer]].

Various [[pathogen]]s, such as [[bacteria]] that cause [[foodborne illness]]es, can induce [[gastroenteritis]] which results from [[inflammation]] of the stomach and small intestine. [[Antibiotic]]s to treat such bacterial infections can decrease the [[Microbiome of humans|microbiome]] diversity of the gastrointestinal tract, and further enable inflammatory mediators.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nitzan|first1=Orna|last2=Elias|first2=Mazen|last3=Peretz|first3=Avi|last4=Saliba|first4=Walid|date=2016-01-21|title=Role of antibiotics for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=22|issue=3|pages=1078–1087|doi=10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1078|issn=1007-9327|pmc=4716021|pmid=26811648|doi-access=free}}</ref> Gastroenteritis is the most common disease of the GI tract.
* [[Gastrointestinal cancer]] may occur at any point in the gastrointestinal tract, and includes [[mouth cancer]], [[tongue cancer]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[stomach cancer]], and [[colorectal cancer]]. One possible factor in the etiology of gastrointestinal cancers is excessive exposure of the digestive organs to bile acids.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bernstein H, Bernstein C|title=Bile acids as carcinogens in the colon and at other sites in the gastrointestinal system|journal=Exp Biol Med|volume=248|issue=1|pages=79–89|date=January 2023|pmid=36408538|pmc=9989147|doi=10.1177/15353702221131858|url=}}</ref>
* Inflammatory conditions. [[Ileitis]] is an inflammation of the [[ileum]], [[colitis]] is an inflammation of the [[large intestine]].
* [[Appendicitis]] is inflammation of the [[appendix (anatomy)|appendix]] located at the caecum. This is a potentially fatal condition if left untreated; most cases of appendicitis require surgical intervention.

[[Diverticular disease]] is a condition that is very common in older people in industrialized countries. It usually affects the large intestine but has been known to affect the small intestine as well.  [[Diverticulosis]] occurs when pouches form on the intestinal wall. Once the pouches become inflamed it is known as [[diverticulitis]].

[[Inflammatory bowel disease]] is an inflammatory condition affecting the bowel walls, and includes the subtypes [[Crohn's disease]] and [[ulcerative colitis]]. While Crohn's can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract, ulcerative colitis is limited to the large intestine. Crohn's disease is widely regarded as an [[autoimmunity|autoimmune disease]]. Although ulcerative colitis is often treated as though it were an autoimmune disease, there is no consensus that it actually is such.

[[Functional gastrointestinal disorder]]s the most common of which is [[irritable bowel syndrome]]. Functional constipation and [[chronic functional abdominal pain]] are other functional disorders of the intestine that have physiological causes but do not have identifiable structural, chemical, or infectious pathologies.