Editing Gadolinium (section)

==Biological use==
Gadolinium has no known native biological role, but its compounds are used as research tools in biomedicine. Gd<sup>3+</sup> compounds are components of [[MRI contrast agent]]s.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tircsó|first1=Gyulia|title=Metal Ions in Bio-Imaging Techniques|last2=Molńar|first2=Enricő|last3=Csupász|first3=Tibor|last4=Garda|first4=Zoltan|last5=Botár|first5=Richárd|last6=Kálmán|first6=Ferenc K.|last7=Kovács|first7=Zoltan|last8=Brücher|first8=Ernő|last9=Tóth|first9=Imre|publisher=Springer|year=2021|pages=39–70|chapter=Chapter 2. Gadolinium(III)-Based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A Re-Appraisal|doi=10.1515/9783110685701-008|isbn=978-3-11-068570-1 |s2cid=233702931}}</ref> It is used in various [[ion channel]] electrophysiology experiments to block sodium leak channels and stretch activated ion channels.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Yeung EW, Allen DG|date=August 2004|title=Stretch-activated channels in stretch-induced muscle damage: role in muscular dystrophy|journal=Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology|volume=31|issue=8|pages=551–56|doi=10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04027.x|pmid=15298550|hdl-access=free|hdl=10397/30099|s2cid=9550616}}</ref> Gadolinium has recently been used to measure the distance between two points in a protein via [[electron paramagnetic resonance]], something that gadolinium is especially amenable to thanks to EPR sensitivity at w-band (95&nbsp;GHz) frequencies.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Yang Y, Yang F, Gong Y, Bahrenberg T, Feintuch A, Su X, Goldfarb, D|date=October 2018|title=High Sensitivity In-Cell EPR Distance Measurements on Proteins using and Optimized Gd(III) Spin Label|journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters|volume=9|issue=20|pages=6119–23|doi=10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02663|pmid=30277780|s2cid=52909932}}</ref>