Editing Franconia (section)

===== 19th century =====
In 1803, what was to become the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] was given large parts of Franconia through the enactment of the ''[[Reichsdeputationshauptschluss]]'' under pressure from [[Napoleon]] for [[secularization]] and [[German mediatisation|mediatisation]].<ref>[http://www.hdbg.eu/koenigreich/web/index.php/themen/index/herrscher_id/1/id/3 ''Der Friede von Lunéville (1801) und der Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (1803)''], House of Bavarian History, accessed 7 June 2014.</ref> In 1806, the [[Act of Confederation]] led to stronger ties between Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden and other areas with France, whereupon the Holy Roman Empire including the Franconian Circle fell apart.<ref name="rheinbundakte">[http://www.hdbg.eu/koenigreich/web/index.php/objekte/index/id/553 ''Rheinbundakte, deutsche Fassung (1806)''], House of Bavarian History , retrieved 7 June 2014.</ref><ref>Dietmar Willoweit: ''Reich und Staat: Eine kleine deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte'', p. 70</ref> As a reward Bavaria was promised other estates, including the city of Nuremberg.<ref name="rheinbundakte" /> In the so-called ''[[Rittersturm]]'' of 1803, Bavaria, Württemberg and Baden seized the territories of the Imperial Knights and Franconian nobility, whose estates were often no bigger than a few parishes, even though the ''Reichsdeputationshauptschluss'' had not authorised this.<ref name="herzogfranken"/> In 1806 and 1810, Prussia had to release the territories of Ansbach and Bayreuth, which it had annexed in 1792, to Bavaria, whereby Prussia lost its supremacy in the region.<ref name="preußen">[http://www.hdbg.de/bup/c/c08.htm ''Preußen in Franken 1792 - 1806''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116150641/http://www.hdbg.de/bup/c/c08.htm |date=2016-11-16 }}, material from the State Exhibition in 1999 by the House of Bavarian History</ref>

In 1814, as a result of the [[Congress of Vienna]], the territories of the [[Principality of Aschaffenburg]] and [[Grand Duchy of Würzburg]] went to the Kingdom of Bavaria. In order to merge the [[patchwork quilt]] of small states in Franconia and Swabia into a greater Bavaria, [[Maximilian Montgelas|Maximilian Joseph Montgelas]] reformed the political structure.<ref>Max Seeberger et al.: ''Wie Bayern vermessen wurde,'' booklets on Bavarian History and Culture, Volume 26, published by the House of Bavarian History in collaboration with the [[Deutsches Museum]] and [[Bavarian State Survey Office, Munich]], Augsburg, 2001, pp. 11-12</ref><ref>Manfred Treml: ''Das Königreich Bayern (1806 - 1918).'' in: [http://www.hdbg.de/polges/pages/politische_geschichte.pdf '' Political History of Bavaria''], published by the House of Bavarian history as No. 9 of ten booklets on Bavarian History and Culture, 1989, pp. 22-25, here: p. 23</ref> Out of this in January 1838 emerged the Franconian provinces with their present names of Middle, Upper and Lower Franconia.<ref>[https://www.br.de/franken/inhalt/frankenkult-ur/tag-der-franken-geschichte100.html ''Fränkischer Reichskreis: So entstand der "Tag der Franken"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325092108/https://www.br.de/franken/inhalt/frankenkult-ur/tag-der-franken-geschichte100.html |date=2015-03-25 }}, www.br.de, Bayerischer Rundfunk, retrieved 28 June 2014</ref> Considerable resentment arose in parts of the Franconian territories over their new membership of Bavaria.<ref name="geschichte">Hans Maier: ''Die Franken in Bayern'', p. 6, [http://hhmaier.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Franken-in-Bayern.pdf see pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007000956/http://hhmaier.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Franken-in-Bayern.pdf |date=2016-10-07 }}, retrieved 12 July 2014.</ref> There were liberal demands for republican structures which erupted in the [[German Revolution (1848/1849)|revolts of 1848 and 1849]] and the [[Gaibach Festival]] in 1832.<ref>Katharina Weigand: ''Gaibach. Eine Jubelfeier für die bayerische Verfassung von 1818?'' In: Alois Schmid, Katharina Weigand (eds.): ''Schauplätze der Geschichte in Bayern.'' Munich, 2003, pp. 291-308, here: p. 291</ref><ref>''House of Bavarian History: [http://www.hdbg.eu/koenigreich/web/index.php/themen/index/herrscher_id/3/id/28 deutsche Revolution von 1848/49]'', retrieved 18 July 2014.</ref> On the one hand the reconciliation policy of the [[Wittelsbachs]]<ref name="geschichte"/> and Montgelas' aforementioned policy of unification, and, on the other hand, the inclusion of Bavaria in the [[German Empire]] in 1871, which weakened her power Bavaria slightly, the conflict between Franconia and Bavaria eased considerably.

From 1836 to 1846, the Kingdom of Bavaria built the [[Ludwig Canal]] from Bamberg to Kelheim, which was only abandoned in 1950.<ref>''Edition Bayern: Industriekultur in Bayern'', published by the House of Bavarian History, p. 123</ref> However, the canal lost much of its importance shortly after the arrival of the railways. Between 1843 and 1854, the [[Ludwig South-North Railway]] was established within Franconia, which ran from [[Lindau (Lake Constance)|Lindau]] on [[Lake Constance]] via [[Nuremberg]], [[Bamberg]] and [[Kulmbach]] to [[Hof (Saale)|Hof]]. The first locomotive to run on German soil steamed 1835 from Nuremberg to Fürth on 7 December 1835.