Editing Federation (section)

=== Contemporary ===
{{Main|Federal republic|Federal monarchy|Federated state#List of constituents by federation|l3 = Federated state §&nbsp;List of constituents by federation}}

There are 26 federations in the world, with 6 each in [[Asia]] and [[Europe]], 5 in [[Africa]], 4 in [[North America]], 3 in [[South America]] and 2 in [[Oceania]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Current federations
|-
!Year est. 
! Federation 
! Type<br/><ref group="t">R = [[Federal republic]]; M = Monarchy</ref>
! Structure
! Top-level subdivisions (federated and other)
! Major federated units
! Minor units<ref group="t">That is, first-level subdivisions possessing less autonomy than the major federated units.</ref> (federated or other)
|-
|1853
| {{flag|Argentine Republic}}
| align="center" | R
| [[Presidential system|Presidential]]
| [[Provinces of Argentina]]
|data-sort-value="23"| 23 provinces
|data-sort-value="1"| [[Buenos Aires|1 autonomous city]]
|-
|1901
| {{flag|Australia|name=Commonwealth of Australia}}
| align="center" | M
| [[Parliamentary system|Parliamentary]]
| [[States and territories of Australia]]
|data-sort-value="6"| 6 states
|data-sort-value="10"| 3 internal territories (of which 2 are self-governing) and 7 external territories
|-
|1920
| {{flag|Austria|name=Republic of Austria}}
| align="center" | R
| Parliamentary<ref group="t">''[[De facto]]''; ''[[de jure]]'' a [[semi-presidential republic]].</ref>
| [[Federal states of Austria|States of Austria]]
|data-sort-value="9"| 9 states ''({{lang|de|Länder}} or {{lang|de|Bundesländer}})'' incl. the city-state of [[Vienna]]
|
|-
|1993
| {{flag|Belgium|name=Kingdom of Belgium}}
| align="center" | M
| Parliamentary
| [[Communities, regions, and language areas of Belgium|Divisions of Belgium]]
|data-sort-value="3"| 3 communities, 3 regions
|data-sort-value="3"| 3 communitarian commissions
|-
|1995
| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
| align="center" | R
| Parliamentary
| [[Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
|data-sort-value="2"| 2 entities, one of which is itself a federation of 10 cantons
|data-sort-value="1"| 1 district<ref group="t">[[Brčko District]] is ''de jure'' part of both entities, and ''de facto'' administered separately from either.</ref>
|-
|1889
| {{flag|Federative Republic of Brazil}}
| align="center" | R
| Presidential
| [[Federative units of Brazil]]
|data-sort-value="27"|27 [[Federative units of Brazil|federative units]] (of which one is a [[Federal District (Brazil)|federal district]] and the others are [[States of Brazil|states]])<ref group="t">20 provinces during the [[Empire of Brazil]] 1822–89</ref>
| 
|-
|1867
| {{flag|Canada}}
| align="center" | M
| Parliamentary
| [[Provinces and territories of Canada]]
|data-sort-value="10"| 10 provinces
|data-sort-value="3"| 3 territories
|-
|1995
| {{nowrap|{{flag|Ethiopia|name=Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia}}}}
| align="center" | R
| Parliamentary
| [[Regions of Ethiopia|Regions and chartered cities of Ethiopia]]
|data-sort-value="11"| 12 regions<ref>[https://www.africanews.com/2023/07/06/ethiopia-upper-house-votes-to-form-12th-regional-state/ Ethiopia: Upper House votes to form 12th regional state]</ref>
|data-sort-value="2"| 2 chartered cities
|-
|1949
| {{flag|Federal Republic of Germany}}
| align="center" | R
| Parliamentary
| [[States of Germany]]
|data-sort-value="16"| 16 states ''({{lang|de|Länder}} or {{lang|de|Bundesländer}})'' incl. the city-states of [[Berlin]], [[Hamburg]], and [[Bremen (state)|Bremen]] 
|
|-
|1947<ref group="t">As an [[Dominion of India|independent Dominion]]; republic declared in 1950</ref>
| {{flag|Republic of India}}
| align="center" | R
| Parliamentary
| [[States and union territories of India]]
|data-sort-value="28"| [[States and union territories of India|28 states]]
|data-sort-value="8"| 8 [[Union territory|union territories]], including a [[National Capital Territory of India|national capital territory]]
|-
|2005
| {{flag|Iraq|name=Republic of Iraq}}
| align="center" | R
| Parliamentary
| [[Governorates of Iraq]]
|data-sort-value="19"| 19 provinces (governorates)
|
|-
|1963
| {{flag|Malaysia}}
| align="center" | M
| Parliamentary
| [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|States of Malaysia]]
|data-sort-value="13"| 13 states
|data-sort-value="3"| 3 federal territories
|-
|1824
| {{flag|Mexico|name=United Mexican States}}
| align="center" | R
| Presidential
| [[Administrative divisions of Mexico|States of Mexico]]
|data-sort-value="31"| 31 states
| [[Mexico City]]
|-
|1979
| {{flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}
| align="center" | R
| Presidential
| [[Administrative divisions of the Federated States of Micronesia|Administrative divisions of Micronesia]]
|data-sort-value="4"| 4 states
|
|-
|2015
| {{flag|Nepal|name=Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal}}
| align="center" | R
| Parliamentary
| [[Provinces of Nepal]]
|data-sort-value="7"| 7 provinces
| 
|-
|1960<ref group="t">As the [[Federation of Nigeria]]; republic declared in 1963</ref>
| {{flag|Nigeria|name=Federal Republic of Nigeria}}
| align="center" | R
| Presidential
| [[Subdivisions of Nigeria]]
|data-sort-value="36"| [[States of Nigeria|36 states]]
|data-sort-value="1"| [[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|1 federal capital territory]]
|-
|1947<ref group="t">As an [[Dominion of Pakistan|independent Dominion]]; republic declared in 1956</ref>
| {{flag|Islamic Republic of Pakistan}}
| align="center" | R
| Parliamentary
| [[Administrative units of Pakistan|Provinces and territories of Pakistan]]
|data-sort-value="5"| [[Four Provinces (Pakistan)|4 provinces]]
|data-sort-value="5"| 2 autonomous territories and 1 [[Islamabad Capital Territory|federal capital territory]]
|-
| 1992<ref group="t">After the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], a new [[Treaty of Federation]] was signed in 1992, which did not include all of the same components as the Soviet Union.</ref>
| {{flag|Russian Federation}}
| align="center" |R
| [[Semi-presidential republic|Semi-presidential]]
| [[Federal subjects of Russia]]
|data-sort-value="85"| 46 ''oblasts'', 22 republics, 9 ''krais'', 4 autonomous ''okrugs'', 3 federal-level cities, 1 autonomous ''oblast''<ref>[http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-04.htm Federal structure of Russia], Article 65 of Russian Constitution.</ref><ref>see [[Political status of Crimea]].</ref>
|
|-
|1983
| {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis|name=Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis}}
| align="center" | M
| Parliamentary
| The islands [[Saint Kitts]] and [[Nevis]]
|data-sort-value="1"| 1 federal unit (the island of Nevis)
|data-sort-value="1"| The island of Saint Kitts (directly administered by the federal government)
|-
|2012
| {{flag|Somalia|name=Federal Republic of Somalia}}
| align="center" | R
| Parliamentary
| [[States and regions of Somalia|Federal Member States of Somalia]]
|data-sort-value="5"| 7 states<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://mop.gov.so/index.php/the-ministry/directorates/planning/federal-member-states-fms/ | title=Federal Member States (FMS) | date=13 April 2018 | access-date=25 January 2022 | archive-date=18 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618200722/http://mop.gov.so/index.php/the-ministry/directorates/planning/federal-member-states-fms/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
|-
|2011
| {{flag|South Sudan|name=Republic of South Sudan}}
| align="center" | R
| Presidential
| [[States of South Sudan]]
|data-sort-value="10"| 10 states
|data-sort-value="3"| 3 administrative areas (which one of them has special administrative status)
|-
|1956
| {{flag|Sudan|name=Republic of the Sudan}}
| align="center" | R
| [[Military junta]]
| [[States of Sudan]]
|data-sort-value="18"| 18 states
|
|-
|1848
| {{flag|Swiss Confederation}}
| align="center" | R
| [[Directorial system|Directorial]]
| [[Cantons of Switzerland]]
|data-sort-value="26"| 26 cantons<ref group="t">Three pairs of cantons have less power at federal level than the other 20 cantons, but the same degree of internal autonomy.</ref>
|
|-
|1971
| {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| align="center" |M
| [[Semi-constitutional monarchy]]
| [[Emirates of the United Arab Emirates|Emirates of the UAE]]
|data-sort-value="7"| 7 [[emirate]]s
| 
|-
| 1776<ref group="t">The [[United States Constitution]], which replaced the [[Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union]], was drafted in 1787 and was ratified in 1788. The [[1st United States Congress|first Congress]] and [[George Washington|President]] did not take office until March 1789.</ref>
| {{flag|United States of America}}
| align="center" | R
| Presidential
| [[List of states and territories of the United States|US states and territories]]
|data-sort-value="50"| 50 [[U.S. state|states]]
|data-sort-value="17"| [[District of Columbia|1 federal district]]; 16 [[Territories of the United States|territories]]<ref group="t">Of the 5 territories that are permanently inhabited, all are [[Unincorporated territories of the United States|unincorporated]], two are [[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|commonwealth]]s and a third is formally [[Territories of the United States#Organized vs. unorganized|unorganized]]. Of the other 11, one is incorporated and all are unorganized; together they form the [[United States Minor Outlying Islands]]. The term ''[[insular area]]'' includes both territories and places with a [[Compact of Free Association]].</ref>
|-
|1863
| {{flag|Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela}}
| align="center" | R
| Presidential
| [[States of Venezuela]]
|data-sort-value="23"| 23 states
|data-sort-value="2"| [[Capital District (Venezuela)|1 federal district]], [[Federal Dependencies of Venezuela|1 federal dependency]]
|}

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