Editing Extinction (section)

=== Cloning ===
{{Main|De-extinction}}
[[File:Pyrenean Ibex.png|thumb|upright|The [[Pyrenean ibex]], the only animal to have been brought back from extinction and the only one to go extinct twice. The ibex apparently only lived for several minutes.]]

Some, such as Harvard geneticist [[George M. Church]], believe that ongoing technological advances will let us "bring back to life" an extinct species by [[Cloning#Cloning extinct and endangered species|cloning]], using [[DNA]] from the remains of that species. Proposed targets for cloning include the [[mammoth]], the [[thylacine]], and the [[Pyrenean ibex]]. For this to succeed, enough individuals would have to be cloned, from the DNA of different individuals (in the case of sexually reproducing organisms) to create a viable population. Though [[bioethics|bioethical]] and [[philosophy|philosophical]] objections have been raised,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2000/dec/24/news/mn-4250/2 |title=Cloned Goat Would Revive Extinct Line |author=A. Zitner |date=2000-12-24 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=2010-05-17 |archive-date=25 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825212540/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/dec/24/news/mn-4250/2 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the cloning of extinct creatures seems theoretically possible.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/20/science/20mammoth.html?_r=1 |title=Regenerating a Mammoth for $10 Million |author=Nicholas Wade |author-link=Nicholas Wade |date=2008-11-19 |access-date=2010-05-17 |work=The New York Times |archive-date=12 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312075740/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/20/science/20mammoth.html?_r=1 |url-status=live |quote=The cell could be converted into an embryo and brought to term by an elephant, a project he estimated would cost some $10 million. 'This is something that could work, though it will be tedious and expensive,&nbsp;...'}}</ref>

In 2003, scientists tried to clone the extinct Pyrenean ibex (''C. p. pyrenaica'').<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Folch |first1=J. |last2=Cocero |first2=M. J. |last3=Chesné |first3=P. |last4=Alabart |first4=J. L. |last5=Domínguez |first5=V. |display-authors=1 |date=2009 |title=First birth of an animal from an extinct subspecies (Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica) by cloning |journal=Theriogenology |volume=71 |issue=6 |pages=1026–1034 |doi=10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.11.005 |pmid=19167744 |doi-access=free}}</ref> This attempt failed: of the 285 embryos reconstructed, 54 were transferred to 12 [[Spanish ibex]]es and ibex–domestic [[goat]] hybrids, but only two survived the initial two months of gestation before they, too, died.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/cloned-goat-dies-after-attempt-to-bring-species-back-from-extinction-1522974.html |title=Cloned goat dies after attempt to bring species back from extinction |author=Steve Connor |date=2009-02-02 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=2010-05-17 |location=London |archive-date=13 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013205333/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/cloned-goat-dies-after-attempt-to-bring-species-back-from-extinction-1522974.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2009, a second attempt was made to clone the Pyrenean ibex: one clone was born alive, but died seven minutes later, due to physical defects in the lungs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Extinct ibex is resurrected by cloning |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/4409958/Extinct-ibex-is-resurrected-by-cloning.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/4409958/Extinct-ibex-is-resurrected-by-cloning.html |archive-date=2022-01-11 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=31 Jan 2009 |location=London |first1=Richard |last1=Gray |first2=Roger |last2=Dobson}}{{cbignore}}</ref>