Editing Esperanto grammar (section)

===Conditional and tenseless participles (unofficial)===
Occasionally, the participle paradigm will be extended to include conditional participles, with the vowel ''u (-unt-, -ut-).''<ref>Timothy Reagan (2009) ''Language Matters: Reflections on Educational Linguistics'', p. 167</ref> If, for example, in our tree-chopping example, the woodsman found that the tree had been [[Tree spiking|spiked]] and so couldn't be cut down after all, he would be ''hakunta'' and the tree ''hakuta'' (he, the one "who would chop", and the tree, the one that "would be chopped").

This can also be illustrated with the verb ''prezidi'' (to preside). Just after the recount of the [[U.S. presidential election, 2000|2000 United States presidential election]]:
* then-president [[Bill Clinton]] was still ''prezid'''a'''nto'' (current president) of the United States,
* president-elect [[George W. Bush]] was declared ''prezid'''o'''nto'' (president-to-be),
* the previous president [[George H. W. Bush]] was a ''prezid'''i'''nto'' (former president), and
* the contending candidate [[Al Gore]] was ''prezid'''u'''nto'' (would-be president – that is, if the recount had gone differently).<ref>This example is somewhat artificial, because the customary word for 'president' (of a country) is the tense-neutral word ''prezid'''e'''nto.'' ''Prezid'''a'''nto'' is typically used for the presidents of organizations other than sovereign countries, and ''prezid'''i'''nto'' is used for former presidents in such contexts.</ref>

Tense-neutral words such as ''prezid'''e'''nto'' and ''stud'''ent'''o'' are formally considered distinct nominal roots, not derivatives of the verbs ''prezidi'' and ''studi''.

The suffix ''-enda'', as in ''pagenda'' 'payable, must be paid' from ''pagi'' 'to pay', is similar to a passive participle of the imperative mood.<ref>Wennergren, 2005, ''Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko'', §28.1.</ref>