Editing English longbow (section)

=== Sixteenth century and later ===

Longbows remained in use until around the 16th century, when advances in [[firearms]] made gunpowder weapons a significant factor in warfare and such units as [[arquebus]]iers and [[grenadiers]] began appearing. Despite this, the English Crown made numerous efforts to continue to promote archery practice by banning other sports and fining people for not possessing bows.{{sfn|Gunn|2010|pp=53–81}} Indeed, just before the [[English Civil War]], a pamphlet by [[William Neade]] entitled ''The Double-Armed Man'' advocated that soldiers be trained in both the longbow and [[pike (weapon)|pike]]; although this advice was disregarded by other writers of the day, who accepted that firearms had supplanted the role of archery.<ref>Lawrence 2008, p. 254</ref>

At the [[Battle of Flodden]] in 1513, wind and rain may have contributed to the ineffectiveness of the English archers against the Scottish nobles in full armour who formed the front rank of their advance, but when the opportunity arose to shoot at less well protected foot soldiers, the result was devastating. Despite his armour, King [[James IV of Scotland]] received several arrow wounds in the fighting, one of which may have caused his death. Flodden was the last major British battle in which the longbow played a significant part, even if not a decisive one.<ref>Roth 2012, pp. 222–223</ref> Longbows remained the main weapon of the [[trained bands]], the home-defence militia of the Tudor period, until they were disbanded by Queen [[Elizabeth I]] in 1598.<ref>Roth 2012, pp. 207–208</ref> The last recorded use of bows in an English battle may have been a skirmish at [[Bridgnorth]], in October 1642, during the Civil War, when an impromptu town militia, armed with bows, proved effective against un-armoured musketeers.<ref>John Norton, letter dated 5 October 1642. As printed in The Garrisons of Shropshire during the Civil War, Leake and Evans publishers, Shrewsbury, 1867, page 32. "every man from 16 to 50 and upwards, gott himself into such armes as they could presently attaine, or could imagine be conduceable for the defence of the towne". "some companies of foote.. with their musketts... began to wade foarde, which being descried, we, with our bowes and arrows did so gaule them (being unarmed men) that with their utmost speed they did retreate" https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=4HBMAAAAMAAJ&rdid=book-4HBMAAAAMAAJ&rdot=1 accessed 7 August 2012</ref> Longbowmen remained a feature of the [[Cavalier|Royalist Army]], but were not used by the [[Roundheads]].

Longbows have been in continuous production and use for sport and for hunting to the present day, but since 1642 they have been a minority interest, and very few have had the high draw weights of the medieval weapons. Other differences include the use of a stiffened non-bending centre section, rather than a continuous bend.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}<!-- Both sentences -->

Serious military interest in the longbow faded after the seventeenth century but occasionally schemes to resurrect its military use were proposed. [[Benjamin Franklin]] was a proponent in the 1770s; the [[Honourable Artillery Company]] had an archer company between 1784 and 1794, and a man named Richard Mason wrote a book proposing the arming of militia with pike and longbow in 1798.{{sfn|Heath|1980|pp=208–9}}  Donald Featherstone also records a Lt. Col. Richard Lee of 44th Foot advocated the military use of the longbow in 1792.{{sfn|Featherstone|1973|p=154}} [[Winston Churchill]], in ''[[A History of the English-Speaking Peoples]]'', wrote:
<blockquote>The War Office has among its records a treatise written during the peace after Waterloo by a general officer of long experience in the Napoleonic wars recommending that muskets should be discarded in favour of the long-bow on account of its superior accuracy, rapid discharge, and effective range.<ref name=Churchill>[https://archive.org/details/TheBirthOfBritain_Churchill/page/n260/mode/1up?view=theater Churchill, Winston, ''A History of the English-Speaking Peoples'', Vol. 1, ''The Birth of Britain'', Book Two, Ch.18, p.242.]</ref></blockquote>
There is a record of the use of the longbow in action as late as [[WWII]], when [[Jack Churchill]] is credited with a longbow kill in France in 1940.{{sfn|Featherstone|1973|pp=157–158}}  The weapon was certainly considered for use by [[Commandos]] during the war but it is not known whether it was used in action.{{sfn|Heath|1980|pp=215–216}}