Editing Economy of Taiwan (section)

==Science and industrial parks{{anchor|Science}}==
[[File:Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park Administration 20101017.jpg|thumb|[[Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park|Hsinchu Science Park]] is home to many of Taiwan's IT companies]]
[[File:Neihu during 2015 winter solstice.jpg|thumb|Taipei [[Neihu Technology Park]]]]

In order to promote industrial research and development, the government began establishing science parks, economic zones which provide rent and utility breaks, [[tax incentive]]s, and specialized lending rates to attract investment.<ref name="about" /> The first of these, the [[Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park|Hsinchu Science Park]] was established in 1980 by the [[National Science Council]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biotecheast.com/index.php?module=htmlpages&func=display&pid=5|title=Taiwan's biotech-focused Science Parks|publisher=Biotech East|access-date=17 January 2011|archive-date=10 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910162412/http://www.biotecheast.com/index.php?module=htmlpages&func=display&pid=5|url-status=live}}</ref> with a focus on [[research and development]] in information technology and [[biotechnology]].<ref name="about">{{cite web|url=http://biotech.about.com/b/2008/09/25/science-parks-in-taiwan.htm|title=Science Parks in Taiwan|website=About.com|date=25 September 2008|access-date=17 January 2011|archive-date=7 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707074939/http://biotech.about.com/b/2008/09/25/science-parks-in-taiwan.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="reafac" /> It has been called Taiwan's "[[Silicon Valley]]"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70C11F63D5B0C718EDDA00894D1494D81|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714032916/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70C11F63D5B0C718EDDA00894D1494D81|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 July 2012|title=Taiwan's Chip Plants Left Idle by Earthquake|work=The New York Times|author=Sara Robinson|date=22 September 1999|access-date=17 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/PCWorld/story?id=4715424|title=LSI's China Plan Changed by Taiwan Election|work=ABC News|author=Dan Nystedt|date=24 April 2008|access-date=17 January 2011|archive-date=26 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226103552/http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/PCWorld/story?id=4715424|url-status=live}}</ref> and has expanded to six campuses covering an area of {{convert|1140|ha|km2}}.<ref name="hsinchu">{{cite web|url=http://www.sipa.gov.tw/english/home.jsp?mserno=201003210003&serno=201003210014&menudata=EnglishMenu&contlink=content/introduction_1.jsp&level=1|title=An introduction to the Hsinchu Science Park|publisher=Hsinchu Science Park|access-date=17 January 2011|archive-date=27 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927112609/http://www.sipa.gov.tw/english/home.jsp?mserno=201003210003&serno=201003210014&menudata=EnglishMenu&contlink=content%2Fintroduction_1.jsp&level=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Over 430 companies (including many listed on [[Taiwan Capitalization Weighted Stock Index|TAIEX]]) employing over 130,000 people are located within the park, and [[paid in capital]] totaled US$36.10 billion in 2008.<ref name="scienceparks" /> Both [[TSMC|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company]] and [[United Microelectronics Corporation]], the world's largest and second largest [[contract manufacturer|contract]] chipmakers,<ref name="toptwo">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTOE70605A20110107|title=UPDATE 1-UMC posts weaker sales; fresh demand seen|work=Reuters|date=7 January 2011|access-date=17 January 2011|archive-date=11 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111135100/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTOE70605A20110107|url-status=live}}</ref> are headquartered within the park. Since 1980, the government has invested over US$1 billion in the park's infrastructure,<ref name="reafac">{{cite web|url=http://www.taiwan.com.au/Scitech/RandD/Public/report03.html|title=Public Sector Research Facilities|website=Taiwan.com.au|access-date=17 January 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912095402/http://taiwan.com.au/Scitech/RandD/Public/report03.html|archive-date=12 September 2009}}</ref> and further expansion for more specialized parks have been pursued.<ref name="scienceparks">{{cite web|url=http://www.taiwan.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=27510&ctNode=1906&mp=1001|title=Science Parks|publisher=[[Government Information Office]], [[Executive Yuan]]|date=25 May 2010|access-date=17 January 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727115945/http://www.taiwan.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=27510&ctNode=1906&mp=1001|archive-date=27 July 2011}}</ref> The [[Industrial Technology Research Institute]] (ITRI), headquartered within the park, is the largest nonprofit research organization in Taiwan and has worked to develop applied technological research for industry, including for many of Taiwan's traditional industries (such as textiles).<ref name="reafac" />

Following the success of the first park, the [[Southern Taiwan Science Park]] (STSP), consisting of the [[Tainan Science Park]] and the [[Kaohsiung Science Park]], was established in 1996.<ref name="about" /> In addition to companies, several research institutes (including [[Academia Sinica]]) and universities have set up branches within the park with a focus on [[integrated circuit]]s (ICs), [[optoelectronics]], and biotechnology.<ref name="scienceparks" /> The Central Taiwan Science Park (CTSP) was established more recently in 2003.<ref name="ctsp">{{cite web|url=http://www.ctsp.gov.tw/english/01about/abo_a01_list.aspx?v=20&fr=236&no=237|title=Origins|publisher=Central Taiwan Science Park|access-date=17 January 2011|archive-date=22 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100422153016/http://www.ctsp.gov.tw/english/01about/abo_a01_list.aspx?v=20&fr=236&no=237|url-status=live}}</ref> While the CTSP is still under development, many firms (including [[AU Optronics]]) have already moved into the park and begun manufacturing operations.<ref name="ctsp" /> Like the other parks, CTSP also focuses on ICs, optoelectronics, and biotechnology, with the optoelectronics industry accounting for 78% of its revenue in 2008.<ref name="scienceparks" /> These three science parks alone have attracted over NT$4 trillion (US$137 billion) worth of capital inflow,<ref name="reafac" /> and in 2010 total revenue within the parks reached NT$2.16 trillion (US$72.8 billion).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.digitimes.com/news/a20110223PD219.html|title=Taiwan top-3 science parks to generate revenues of NT$2.45 trillion in 2011|publisher=DigiTimes|date=24 February 2011|access-date=23 February 2011|url-status=live|archive-date=25 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225150735/http://www.digitimes.com/news/a20110223PD219.html}}</ref>

The [[Linhai Industrial Park]], established in Kaohsiung in 1960,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moeaidb.gov.tw/iphw/linhai/en/|title=Kaohsiung LihHai Industrial Park|publisher=Kaohsiung LinHai Industrial Park Service Center|access-date=17 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507103229/http://www.moeaidb.gov.tw/iphw/linhai/en/|archive-date=7 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a well-developed industrial zone with over 490 companies focusing on other industries including base metals, machinery and repairs, nonmetallic mineral products, chemical products, and food and beverage manufacturing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moeaidb.gov.tw/iphw/linhai/en/index.do?id=20|title=About Us|publisher=Kaohsiung LinHai Industrial Park Service Center|access-date=17 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004150453/http://www.moeaidb.gov.tw/iphw/linhai/en/index.do?id=20|archive-date=4 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Changhua Coastal Industrial Park]], located in Changhua County, is a newer industrial cluster with many different industries such as food production, glass, textiles, and plastics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investtaiwan.nat.gov.tw/matter/show_eng.jsp?ID=277|title=Environments of Changhua County|publisher=Invest in Taiwan, Department of Investment Services|access-date=17 January 2011|url-status=live|archive-date=25 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925143445/https://investtaiwan.nat.gov.tw/homePage}}</ref>

[[Industrial park|Industrial]] and [[science park]]s in Taiwan include:
* [[Central Taiwan Science Park]]
* [[Hsinchu Science Park]]
** [[Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park]]
* [[Nankang Software Park]]
* [[Neihu Technology Park]]
* [[Tainan Science Park]]
* [[Southern Taiwan Science Park]]
** [[Kaohsiung Science Park]]
* [[National Biotechnology Research Park]]
* [[Shalun Smart Green Energy Science City]]
* [[Kaohsiung Software Park]]