Editing Economy of Australia (section)

===Services===
[[Information technology|IT]]-related jobs (such as computer [[systems design]] and engineering) are defined as Professional, Scientific and Technical Services by the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations of Australia. IT job creation occurs mostly in the [[List of Australian capital cities|state capital cities of Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deewr.gov.au/Employment/ResearchStatistics/Documents/AustralianJobs.pdf|title=Employment Research Statistics|work=deewr.gov.au|access-date=20 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322131845/http://www.deewr.gov.au/Employment/ResearchStatistics/Documents/AustralianJobs.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Finance====
Australia's "[[Big Four (banking)#Australia/New Zealand|big four banks]]" ([[National Australia Bank]], [[Commonwealth Bank]], [[Australia and New Zealand Banking Group]] and [[Westpac]]) are among the 'World's 50 Safest Banks' as of April 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gfmag.com/tools/best-banks/11661-worlds-50-safest-banks-april-2012.html|title=WORLD'S 50 SAFEST BANKS 2012 &#124; Global Finance|publisher=Gfmag.com|access-date=24 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729074232/http://www.gfmag.com/tools/best-banks/11661-worlds-50-safest-banks-april-2012.html|archive-date=29 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Between 1991 and 2013, 36,720 [[mergers and acquisitions]] with a total known value of US$2,040&nbsp;billion with the involvement of Australian firms have been announced.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imaa-institute.org/statistics-mergers-acquisitions.html#MergersAcquisitions_Australia|title=Statistics on Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) – M&A Courses &#124; Mergers & Acquisitions Courses|publisher=Imaa-institute.org|access-date=2 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106045040/http://www.imaa-institute.org/statistics-mergers-acquisitions.html#MergersAcquisitions_Australia|archive-date=6 January 2012}}</ref> In the year 2013, 1,515 transactions valued at US$78&nbsp;billion had been announced which was a decrease in terms of numbers (−18%) and value (−11%) compared to 2012. The largest takeover or merger transaction involving Australian companies was the 2007 takeover of the [[Coles Group]] by [[Wesfarmers]], totalling A$22&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|last=Carson|first=Vanda|title=Wesfarmers buys Coles|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/business/wesfarmers-buys-coles/2007/07/01/1183229003109.html|work=The Age|access-date=12 June 2011|location=Melbourne, Australia|date=2 July 2007}}</ref>

====Tourism====
[[File:ABS-3401.0-OverseasArrivalsDeparturesAustralia-ShorttermMovementVisitorArrivals SelectedCountriesResidence-Original-NumberMovements-TotalCountryStay.Residence-A1831011L.svg|thumb|right|Monthly short-term arrivals in Australia since 1991. The large drop in arrivals in 2020 is due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/industry/tourism-and-transport/overseas-travel-statistics-provisional/latest-release|title=Overseas Travel Statistics, Provisional|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=15 December 2020}}</ref>]]
{{Main|Tourism in Australia}}
In the financial year 2017/18, tourism represented 3.1% of Australia's GDP contributing A$57.2&nbsp;billion to the national economy.<ref name="ABS1011">{{cite web|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|title=Tourism Satellite Account 2017–18:Key Figures|date=12 October 2021|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/5249.0?OpenDocument}}</ref> Domestic tourism is a significant part of the tourism industry, representing 73% of the total direct tourism GDP.<ref name="ABS1011"/>

In calendar year 2018, there were 9.3 million visitor arrivals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourism.australia.com/en/markets-and-stats/tourism-statistics/international-visitor-arrivals.html|title=Tourism statistics: International visitor arrivals|date=25 February 2022|publisher=Tourism Australia|access-date=7 June 2019|archive-date=7 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607022958/http://www.tourism.australia.com/en/markets-and-stats/tourism-statistics/international-visitor-arrivals.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tourism employed 646,000 people in Australia in 2017–18, 5.2% of the workforce.<ref name="ABS1011"/> About 43.7% of persons employed in tourism were part-time. Tourism also contributed 8.0% of Australia's total export earnings in 2010–11.<ref name="ABS1011"/>

==== Creativity and culture ====
Growing importance is being given to the economic contribution of the creative industries to the national economy. The [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development]] (UNCTAD) recompiles statistics about the export and import of goods and services related to the creative industries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beyond 20/20 WDS|url=https://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx?IF_ActivePath=P,10&sCS_ChosenLang=en|access-date=2021-12-29|website=unctadstat.unctad.org}}</ref> The [[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (WIPO) has assisted in the preparation of national studies measuring the size of over 50 copyright industries around the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Economic Performance of Copyright-Based Industries|url=https://www.wipo.int/copyright/en/performance/index.html|access-date=2021-12-29|website=wipo.int|language=en}}</ref> According to the WIPO compiled data, the national contribution of [[Creative industries]] varies from 2% to 11% depending on the country.

The [[Australian Copyright Council]] (ACC) has been consistently compiling reports using the WIPO-guided framework on the impact of the copyright-based industries to Australia's economy in 2011,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Price Waterhouse Coopers|date=2011|title=The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Australia by the Australian Copyright Council|url=https://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/copyright/en/performance/pdf/econ_contribution_cr_au.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=29 December 2021|publisher=WIPO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604120924/http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/copyright/en/performance/pdf/econ_contribution_cr_au.pdf|archive-date=4 June 2013}}</ref> 2012,<ref>{{cite web|title=The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Australia 2012|url=https://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/copyright/en/performance/pdf/pwc_report_2012_australia.pdf|publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (WIPO)}}</ref> and 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Australia 2014|url=https://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/copyright/en/performance/pdf/pwc_report_2014_australia.pdf|publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (WIPO)}}</ref> In the most up-to-date WIPO-supported study published in 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|last=PricewaterhouseCoopers Consulting (Australia)|date=September 2017|title=The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Australia|url=https://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/copyright/en/performance/pdf/pwc_report_2017_australia.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=29 December 2021|publisher=WIPO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509015839/http://www.wipo.int:80/export/sites/www/copyright/en/performance/pdf/pwc_report_2017_australia.pdf|archive-date=9 May 2018}}</ref> the copyright industries contributed $122.8 billion to the Australian economy in 2016 amounting to 7.4% of Australia's total economic output. The 2016 figure represented an increase of $8.5 billion compared to 2011, with a growth in value added growing at 1.4% per annum (since 2011). Further, it found that these industries generated more economic output than the manufacturing, health care and mining sectors in 2016, and moved from being the 7th largest industry in 2011 to the 3rd in 2016.

====Media====
{{Main|Media of Australia|Telecommunications in Australia}}
In 2018, Australia was ranked 19th out of 180 countries in accordance to [[press freedom]]. The media industry is highly consolidated, with [[News Corp Australia]] and [[Nine Entertainment]] publishing the majority of popular newspapers, owning multiple television and radio stations, and providing the two major Australian streaming services, [[Binge (streaming service)|Binge]] and [[Stan (service)|Stan]]. Other major media companies include [[Ten Network Holdings|Ten Network]], [[Seven West Media]] and the national broadcasters [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] and [[Special Broadcasting Service|SBS]].

====Education====
{{Main|Education in Australia|Tertiary education in Australia}}
School attendance is compulsory in Australia, from the age of 5 up until approximately 16 (although it varies between each state and territory).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deewr.gov.au/Schooling/Pages/overview.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110328132033/http://www.deewr.gov.au/Schooling/Pages/overview.aspx|archive-date=28 March 2011|title=Schooling Overview|publisher=Australian Government, Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations}}</ref> Australia also has an adult literacy rate that was estimated to be 99% in 2003.<ref name=cialittab>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2103.html#136|title=Literacy|work=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=10 October 2013|archive-date=24 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124171442/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2103.html#136|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the [[Programme for International Student Assessment]], Australia regularly scores among the top five of thirty major developed countries (member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). In 2018 there were 525,054 international students in Australia, comprising a market of 32,2&nbsp;billion A$.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-18/australia-hosting-unprecedented-numbers-international-students/9669030|title=Australia hosting unprecedented numbers of international students|date=18 April 2018|publisher=ABC News|location=Australia|access-date=18 June 2018}}</ref>

====Logistics====
{{Main|Transport in Australia}}