Editing Dublin (section)

==Transport==
{{Main|Transport in Dublin}}

===Road===
[[File:DublinM50.png|thumb|The [[M50 motorway (Ireland)|M50 motorway]] surrounding Dublin]]
The road network in Ireland is primarily focused on Dublin. The [[M50 motorway (Ireland)|M50 motorway]], a semi-[[ring road]] which runs around the south, west and north of the city, connects important national primary routes to the rest of the country. In 2008, the [[West-Link]] toll bridge was replaced by the [[eFlow]] barrier-free tolling system, with a three-tiered charge system based on electronic tags and car pre-registration.<ref>{{cite web | title = EFlow Website | publisher = eFlow | url = http://eflow.ie/ | access-date = 29 July 2011 | archive-date = 11 August 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200811033751/https://www.eflow.ie/ | url-status = live }}</ref>

The first phase of a proposed eastern bypass for the city is the [[Dublin Port Tunnel]], which officially opened in 2006 to mainly cater for heavy vehicles. The tunnel connects [[Dublin Port]] and the [[M1 motorway (Republic of Ireland)|M1 motorway]] close to Dublin Airport. The city is also surrounded by an inner and outer orbital route. The inner orbital route runs approximately around the heart of the Georgian city and the outer orbital route runs primarily along the natural circle formed by Dublin's two canals, the [[Grand Canal of Ireland|Grand Canal]] and the [[Royal Canal of Ireland|Royal Canal]], as well as the North and South Circular Roads.

The 2016 [[TomTom]] Traffic Index ranked Dublin the 15th most congested city in the world and the 7th most congested in Europe.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kelpie|first1=Colm|title=Revealed: Dublin ranked worse than London or Paris for road congestion|url=http://www.independent.ie/business/irish/revealed-dublin-ranked-worse-than-london-or-paris-for-road-congestion-34563994.html|access-date=20 December 2016|work=The Irish Independent|date=23 March 2016|archive-date=29 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129063735/http://www.independent.ie/business/irish/revealed-dublin-ranked-worse-than-london-or-paris-for-road-congestion-34563994.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=TomTom Traffic Index|url=https://www.tomtom.com/en_ie/trafficindex/list|website=TomTom|access-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329034844/http://tomtom.com/en_ie/trafficindex/list|archive-date=29 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Bus====
Dublin is served by a network of nearly 200 bus routes which cover the city and suburbs. The majority of these are provided by [[Dublin Bus]], with a modest number having been transferred to Go Ahead Ireland since 2018. A number of smaller companies also operate. Fares are generally calculated on a stage system based on distance travelled. There are several different levels of fares, which apply on most services. A "Real Time Passenger Information" system was introduced at Dublin Bus bus stops in 2012 in which signs relay display the projected time of the next buses' arrival based on its GPS position. The [[National Transport Authority (Ireland)|National Transport Authority]] is responsible for integration of bus and rail services in Dublin and has been involved in introducing a pre-paid smart card, called a [[TFI Leap Card]], which can be used on all of Dublin's public transport services.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ticketing|url=https://www.nationaltransport.ie/transport-technology/transport-technology-ticketing/|access-date=1 February 2022|website=National Transport|language=en-US|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201161136/https://www.nationaltransport.ie/transport-technology/transport-technology-ticketing/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[BusConnects]] programme includes a number of proposed improvements to Dublin's bus network, including new spine and orbital routes. The spine routes are intended to increase the frequency of buses along major corridors, and the orbital routes aim to "provide connections between suburbs and town centres, without having to travel into the City Centre".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dublin Network Redesign |url=https://busconnects.ie/cities/dublin/new-dublin-area-bus-network |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Busconnects |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2022, Dublin Bus began the process of electrifying its fleet with new [[Battery electric bus|battery-powered buses]], with plans for 85% of Dublin buses to be zero-emission by 2032.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dublin Bus - Transport Minister, NTA and Dublin Bus unveil electric bus charging infrastructure |url=https://www.dublinbus.ie/news/transport-minister,-nta-and-dublin-bus-unveil-electric-bus-charging-infrastructure |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Dublin Bus |language=en |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207180230/https://www.dublinbus.ie/news/transport-minister,-nta-and-dublin-bus-unveil-electric-bus-charging-infrastructure |url-status=dead }}</ref>

====Cycling====
[[File:Dublin Bikes.jpg|thumb|[[Dublinbikes]] terminal in the [[Dublin Docklands|Docklands]]]]
The [[2011 census of Ireland|2011 census]] indicated that 5.9% of commuters in Dublin cycled. A 2013 report by Dublin City Council on traffic flows crossing the canals in and out of the city found that just under 10% of all traffic was made up of cyclists, representing an increase of 14.1% over 2012 and an 87.2% increase over 2006 levels. The increase was attributed to measures such as the Dublinbikes bike rental scheme, the provision of cycle lanes, public awareness campaigns to promote cycling and the introduction of the 30&nbsp;km/h city centre speed limit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dublincity.ie/sites/default/files/content//RoadsandTraffic/Traffic/Documents/Canal_Cordon_Counts_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903221013/http://www.dublincity.ie/sites/default/files/content//RoadsandTraffic/Traffic/Documents/Canal_Cordon_Counts_2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 September 2015 |title=Report on trends in mode share of vehicles and people crossing the Canal Cordon 2006 to 2013 |year=2013 |publisher=[[Dublin City Council]] & National Transport Authority |pages=4, 8, 16 |access-date=29 August 2015 }}</ref>

Dublin City Council began installing cycle lanes and tracks throughout the city in the 1990s, and {{as of|2012|lc=y}} the city had over {{convert|200|km|miles}} of specific on- and off-road tracks for cyclists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cycledublin.ie/category/cycling-maps|title=Cycling Maps|publisher=Dublincitycycling.ie|access-date=13 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620073156/http://www.cycledublin.ie/category/cycling-maps|archive-date=20 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2011, the city was ranked 9th of major world cities on the ''Copenhagenize Index of Bicycle-Friendly Cities''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://copenhagenize.eu/index/index.html |title=Copenhagenize Consulting – ''Copenhagenize Index of Bicycle-Friendly Cities 2011'' |publisher=Copenhagenize.eu |access-date=13 September 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107002655/https://copenhagenize.eu/index/index.html%20 |url-status=live }}</ref> The same index showed a fall to 15th in 2015,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://copenhagenize.eu/index/index.html |title=Copenhagenize Consulting – ''Copenhagenize Index of Bicycle-Friendly Cities 2011'' |publisher=Copenhagenize.eu |access-date=3 July 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107002655/https://copenhagenize.eu/index/index.html%20 |url-status=live }}</ref> and Dublin was outside the top 20 in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://copenhagenize.eu/index/index.html |title=Copenhagenize Consulting – ''Copenhagenize Index of Bicycle-Friendly Cities 2017'' |publisher=Copenhagenize.eu |access-date=12 February 2019 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107002655/https://copenhagenize.eu/index/index.html%20 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Dublinbikes]] is a [[Bicycle sharing system|self-service bicycle rental scheme]] which has been in operation in Dublin since 2009. Sponsored by [[JCDecaux]] and [[Just Eat]], the scheme consists of hundreds of unisex bicycles stationed at 44 terminals throughout the city centre. Users must make a subscription for either an annual Long Term Hire Card or purchase a three-day ticket.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dublinbikes.ie/How-does-it-work|title=Dublinbikes&nbsp;– How does it work?|publisher=Dublinbikes|access-date=29 July 2011|archive-date=21 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721124325/http://www.dublinbikes.ie/How-does-it-work|url-status=live}}</ref> {{as of|2018}}, Dublinbikes had over 66,000 long-term subscribers making over 2&nbsp;million journeys per year.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.dublinbikes.ie/Magazine/Reports/Just-Eat-dublinbikes-latest-figures | publisher = Dublinbikes.ie | title = Dublinbikes – latest figures | date = 21 August 2018 | access-date = 3 October 2018 | archive-date = 7 July 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180707172926/http://www.dublinbikes.ie/Magazine/Reports/Just-Eat-dublinbikes-latest-figures | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dublinobserver.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Dublin-Bikes-Strategic-Planning-Framework-Document-Full.pdf|title=Dublinbikes Strategic Planning Framework 2011–2016|publisher=Dublin City Council|access-date=29 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114221413/http://dublinobserver.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Dublin-Bikes-Strategic-Planning-Framework-Document-Full.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>

===Rail===
[[File:LUAS trams at Tallaght terminus. - geograph.org.uk - 1387090.jpg|thumb|[[Luas]] trams at the [[Tallaght]] terminus]]
[[Dublin Heuston railway station|Heuston]] and [[Dublin Connolly railway station|Connolly]] stations are the two main railway termini in Dublin. Operated by [[Iarnród Éireann]], the [[Dublin Suburban Rail]] network consists of five railway lines serving the Greater Dublin Area and commuter towns such as [[Drogheda]] and [[Dundalk]] in County Louth, [[Gorey]] in [[County Wexford]], and extending as far as [[Portlaoise]] in County Laois, and once a day to [[Newry]]. One of the five lines is the electrified [[Dublin Area Rapid Transit]] (DART) line, which runs primarily along the coast of Dublin, comprising 31 stations, from [[Malahide]] and [[Howth]] southwards as far as [[Bray, County Wicklow|Bray]] and [[Greystones]] in County Wicklow.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dublin.ie/transport/dart.htm|title=DART (Dublin Area Rapid Transit)|access-date=28 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721123858/http://www.dublin.ie/transport/dart.htm|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Commuter (Irish Rail)|Commuter rail]] operates on the other four lines using Irish Rail [[diesel multiple unit]]s. In 2013, passengers for DART and Dublin Suburban lines were 16&nbsp;million and 11.7&nbsp;million, respectively (around 75% of all Irish Rail passengers).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=TCA01|title=Passenger Journeys by Rail by Type of Journey and Year – StatBank – data and statistics|access-date=20 April 2016|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107003029/https://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?maintable=TCA01|url-status=live}}</ref>

Dublin once had an extensive system of [[Dublin tramways|trams]] but this was largely phased out by 1949. A new [[light rail]] system, often described as a tram system, the [[Luas]], was launched in 2004, and is run by [[Transdev]] Ireland (under contract from [[Transport Infrastructure Ireland]]), carrying over 34&nbsp;million passengers annually.<ref name="Luas - Frequently Asked Questions">{{cite web|url=https://www.luas.ie/faq.html|title=Frequently Asked Questions|website=Luas|access-date=1 January 2018|archive-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101135323/https://www.luas.ie/faq.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The network consists of two interconnecting lines; the [[Red Line (Luas)|Red Line]] links the [[Dublin Docklands|Docklands]] and city centre with the south-western suburbs of [[Tallaght]] and [[Saggart]], while the [[Green Line (Luas)|Green Line]] connects northern inner city suburbs and the main city centre with suburbs to the south of the city including [[Sandyford]] and [[Brides Glen Luas stop|Brides Glen]], mostly along the former route of the [[Harcourt Street railway line]]. Together these lines comprise a total 67 stops and {{convert|44.5|km|mi}} of track.<ref name="Luas - Frequently Asked Questions"/> Construction of a 6&nbsp;km extension to the Green Line, bringing it into the north of the city, commenced in June 2013 and was opened for passenger travel on 9 December 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://luas.ie/luas-cross-city-opening-2pm-sat-9th-dec/|title=Luas Cross City Opened|date=December 2017|website=Luas.ie|publisher=[[Transdev]]|access-date=14 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215110751/https://luas.ie/luas-cross-city-opening-2pm-sat-9th-dec/|archive-date=15 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A [[Rapid transit|metro]] service is proposed under the name of [[MetroLink (Dublin)|Metrolink]], and planned to run from Dublin's [[Northside, Dublin|northside]] to [[Charlemont Luas stop|Charlemont]] via [[Dublin Airport]] and [[St. Stephen's Green]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/news/revealed-preferred-route-for-3bn-metrolink-from-city-centre-to-dublin-airport-unveiled-36732780.html|title=Revealed: Preferred route for €3bn MetroLink from city centre to Dublin Airport unveiled|last=Melia|first=Paul|date=22 March 2018|work=Irish Independent|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091252/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/news/revealed-preferred-route-for-3bn-metrolink-from-city-centre-to-dublin-airport-unveiled-36732780.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Rail and ferry===
[[Dublin Connolly]] is connected by bus to [[Dublin Port]] and ferries run by [[Irish Ferries]] and [[Stena Line]] to [[Holyhead railway station|Holyhead]] for connecting trains on the [[North Wales Coast Line]] to [[Chester railway station|Chester]], [[Crewe railway station|Crewe]] and [[Euston railway station|London Euston]]. [[Dublin Connolly]] to Dublin Port can be reached via [[Amiens Street, Dublin]] into [[Store Street]] or by Luas via [[Busáras]] where [[Dublin Bus]] operates route 53 to the [[Irish Ferries]] Terminal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dublinbus.ie/en/Your-Journey1/Timetables/All-Timetables/53/|title=53 – Dublin Bus|website=dublinbus.ie|access-date=24 April 2015|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107003229/http://www.dublinbus.ie/en/Your-Journey1/Timetables/All-Timetables/53/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Air===
====Dublin Airport====
[[File:T2Dublin Airport-doyler79.jpg|thumb|[[Dublin Airport]]]]
[[Dublin Airport]] (owned and operated by [[DAA (Irish company)|DAA]]) is located north of Dublin city, near [[Swords, Dublin|Swords]] in the administrative county of [[Fingal]]. The headquarters of Ireland's flag carrier [[Aer Lingus]] and regional airline [[CityJet]] are located there, and those of low-cost carrier [[Ryanair]] nearby. The airport offers a short and medium-haul network, domestic services to regional airports in Ireland, and long-haul services to the United States, Canada, the Middle East and Hong Kong. Dublin Airport is the 11th busiest in the European Union,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.daa.ie/annual-report-2017/2017-at-a-glance/|title=2017 Year in Review|website=Dublin Airport|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220904/https://www.daa.ie/annual-report-2017/2017-at-a-glance/|url-status=live}}</ref> and by far the busiest airport on the island of Ireland.

In 2015 and 2016, transatlantic traffic grew, with 158 summer flights a week to North America, making it the sixth largest European hub for that route over the year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dublin Airport flying high after record year for transatlantic traffic – Independent.ie|url=http://www.independent.ie/life/travel/travel-news/dublin-airport-flying-high-after-record-year-for-transatlantic-traffic-30900426.html|website=The Irish Independent|date=12 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2017|archive-date=16 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516183227/http://www.independent.ie/life/travel/travel-news/dublin-airport-flying-high-after-record-year-for-transatlantic-traffic-30900426.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Transatlantic traffic was also the fastest-growing segment of the market for the airport in 2016, in which a 16% increase from 2015 brought the yearly number of passengers travelling between Dublin and North America to 2.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="dub2016record">{{cite web |title=Record 2016 For Dublin Airport With Almost 28M Passengers |url=https://www.dublinairport.com/latest-news/detail/record-2016-for-dublin-airport-with-almost-28m-passengers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704182652/https://www.dublinairport.com/latest-news/detail/record-2016-for-dublin-airport-with-almost-28m-passengers |archive-date=4 July 2018 |access-date=1 February 2017 |website=dublinairport.com}}</ref>

From 2010 to 2016, Dublin Airport saw an increase of nearly 9.5&nbsp;million passengers in its annual traffic,<ref name="dub2016record"/> as the number of commercial aircraft movements has similarly followed a growth trend from 163,703 in 2013 to 191,233 in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Flight Statistics 1998 – 2014|url=https://www.iaa.ie/who-we-are/flight-statistics/flight-statistics-1998---2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411220834/https://www.iaa.ie/who-we-are/flight-statistics/flight-statistics-1998---2014|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 April 2016|website=Irish Aviation Authority|access-date=1 February 2017|date=11 April 2016}}</ref>

In 2019, Dublin Airport was the 12th busiest airport in Europe, with almost 33 million passengers passing through the airport.

====Other air transport====
Dublin is also served by [[Weston Airport]] and other small facilities, by a range of helicopter operators, and the military and some State services use [[Casement Aerodrome]] nearby.