Editing Detroit (section)

===Race and ethnicity===
{{see also|Ethnic groups in Metro Detroit}}

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsed collapsible" style="font-size: 90%"
|-
|-
! Historical Racial Composition
! 2020<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|title=Detroit (city), Michigan|url=https://data.indystar.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/detroit-city-wayne-county-michigan/060-2616322000/|url-status=live|work=Data IndyStar|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124224913/https://data.indystar.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/detroit-city-wayne-county-michigan/060-2616322000/ |archive-date=November 24, 2021 }}</ref>
! 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/26/2622000.html |title=Detroit (city), Michigan |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715161518/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/26/2622000.html |archive-date=July 15, 2006 }}</ref>
! 1990<ref name="census1">{{cite web|title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 }}</ref>
! 1970<ref name="census1"/> 
! 1950<ref name="census1"/> 
! 1940<ref name="census1"/> 
! 1930<ref name="census1"/> 
! 1920<ref name="census1"/> 
! 1910<ref name="census1"/>
|-
| [[White American|White]] || 14.7% || 10.6% || 21.6% || 55.5% || 83.6% || 90.7% || 92.2% || 95.8% || 98.7%
|-
|&nbsp;—Non-Hispanic || 10.1% || 7.8% ||  20.7% ||  54.0%{{efn|name="fifteen"|From 15% sample}} || {{n/a}} || 90.4% || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]] || 77.7% || 82.7% || 75.7% || 43.7% || 16.2% || 9.2% || 7.7% || 4.1% || 1.2%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race) || 8.0% || 6.8% ||  2.8% || 1.8%{{efn|name="fifteen"}} || {{n/a}} || 0.3% || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] || 1.6% || 1.1% ||  0.8% || 0.3% || 0.1% || 0.1% || 0.1% || 0.1% || {{n/a}}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Detroit, Michigan – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 1960<ref>{{Cite web |title=37722966v1p24ch3.pdf |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/37722966v1p24ch3.pdf |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref>
!Pop 1970<ref>{{Cite web |title=00496492v1p3.pdf |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1970/population-volume-1/1970a_mi-01.pdf |access-date=October 10, 2024}}</ref>
!Pop 1980<ref>{{Cite web |title=1980 census of population. Characteristics of the population. |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1980/volume-1/michigan/1980censusofpopu80124uns_bw.pdf |access-date=October 9, 2024}}</ref>
!Pop 1990<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michigan: 1990 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-1/cp-1-24.pdf |access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Detroit city, Michigan|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US2622000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Detroit city, Michigan|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US2622000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Detroit city, Michigan|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US2622000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 1960
!% 1970
!% 1980
!% 1990
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|1,182,970
|838,877
|402,077
|212,278
|99,921
|55,604
|style='background: #ffffe6; |60,770
|70.83%
|55.50%
|33.41%
|20.65%
|10.50%
|7.79%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |10.10%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|482,223
|660,428
|754,274
|774,529
|771,966
|586,573
|style='background: #ffffe6; |493,212
|28.87%
|43.69%
|62.68%
|75.35%
|81.15%
|82.18%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |77.17%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|N/A
|N/A
|3,420
|3,305
|2,572
|1,927
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,399
|N/A
|N/A
|0.28%
|0.32%
|0.27%
|0.27%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.22%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|4,206
|7,392
|6,353
|8,085
|9,135
|7,436
|style='background: #ffffe6; |10,085
|0.25%
|0.49%
|0.53%
|0.79%
|0.96%
|1.04%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.58%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] or [[Native Hawaiian]] alone (NH)
|N/A
|N/A
|268
|N/A
|169
|82
|style='background: #ffffe6; |111
|N/A
|N/A
|0.02%
|N/A
|0.02%
|0.01%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.02%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|745
|4,785
|8,006
|1,304
|1,676
|994
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3,066
|0.04%
|0.32%
|0.67%
|0.13%
|0.18%
|0.14%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.48%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|18,664
|12,482
|style='background: #ffffe6; |19,199
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|1.96%
|1.75%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.00%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|N/A
|N/A
|28,970
|28,473
|47,167
|48,679
|style='background: #ffffe6; |51,269
|N/A
|N/A
|2.41%
|2.77%
|4.96%
|6.82%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8.02%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''1,670,144'''
|'''1,511,482'''
|'''1,203,368'''
|'''1,027,974'''
|'''951,270'''
|'''713,777'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''639,111'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

[[File:FischerDetroit2010Census.png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Detroit, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

Beginning with the rise of the automobile industry, Detroit's population increased more than sixfold during the first half of the 20th century as an influx of European, Middle Eastern ([[Lebanese Americans|Lebanese]], [[Assyrian Americans|Assyrian]]), and Southern migrants brought their families to the city.<ref name="autogenerated1">Baulch, Vivian M. (September 4, 1999). [http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=109 Michigan's greatest treasure – Its people] {{webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20070731040800/http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=109 |date=July 31, 2007 }}. Michigan History, ''The Detroit News''. Retrieved on October 22, 2007.</ref> With this economic boom following World War I, the African American population grew from a mere 6,000 in 1910<ref>[http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=70&CFID=15600792&CFTOKEN=21169095 Vivian M. Baulch], {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120710201644/http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=70&CFID=15600792&CFTOKEN=21169095|date=July 10, 2012}} "How Detroit got its first black hospital", ''The Detroit News'', November 28, 1995.</ref> to more than 120,000 by 1930.<ref>"[http://www.infoplease.com/spot/bhmcities1.html Important Cities in Black History]". Infoplease.com.</ref> Perhaps one of the most overt examples of neighborhood discrimination occurred in 1925 when African American physician [[Ossian Sweet]] found his home surrounded by an angry mob of his hostile white neighbors violently protesting his new move into a traditionally white neighborhood. Sweet and ten of his family members and friends were put on trial for murder as one of the mob members throwing rocks at the newly purchased house was shot and killed by someone firing out of a second-floor window.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit|last=Sugrue|first=Thomas J.|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-691-16255-3|location=Princeton, NJ|page=24}}</ref>

Detroit has a relatively large Mexican-American population. In the early 20th century, thousands of Mexicans came to Detroit to work in agricultural, automotive, and steel jobs. During the [[Mexican Repatriation]] of the 1930s many Mexicans in Detroit were willingly repatriated or forced to repatriate. By the 1940s much of the Mexican community began to settle what is now [[Mexicantown, Detroit|Mexicantown]].<ref>{{cite web|date=July 29, 2020|title=INS Records for 1930s Mexican Repatriations {{!}} USCIS|url=https://www.uscis.gov/about-us/our-history/history-office-and-library/featured-stories-from-the-uscis-history-office-and-library/ins-records-for-1930s-mexican-repatriations|access-date=December 19, 2021|website=www.uscis.gov|language=en}}</ref> Immigration from [[Jalisco]] significantly increased the Latino population in the 1990s. By 2010 Detroit had 48,679 Hispanics, including 36,452 Mexicans: a 70% increase from 1990.<ref name="Denvir">Denvir, Daniel. [http://www.theatlanticcities.com/neighborhoods/2012/09/paradox-mexicantown-detroits-uncomfortable-relationship-immigrants-it-desperately-needs/3357/ "The Paradox of Mexicantown: Detroit's Uncomfortable Relationship With the Immigrants it Desperately Needs"]. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20120926112415/http://www.theatlanticcities.com/neighborhoods/2012/09/paradox-mexicantown-detroits-uncomfortable-relationship-immigrants-it-desperately-needs/3357/ Archive]) ''[[The Atlantic]] Cities''. September 24, 2012. Retrieved on January 15, 2013.</ref> Per the 2023 [[American Community Survey]] five-year estimates, the [[Mexican American]] population was 35,273 comprising over 75% of the Latino population with [[Stateside Puerto Ricans|Puerto Ricans]] as the next largest group at 5,887.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B03001&g=160XX00US2622000|title=B03001 Hispanic or Latino Origin by Specific Origin – 2023 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Detroit city, Michigan|date=July 1, 2023 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 10, 2024}}</ref>

[[File:DetroitGreektown.jpg|thumb|[[Greektown Historic District]] in Detroit]]
After World War II, many people from [[Appalachia]] also settled in Detroit. Appalachians formed communities and their children acquired southern accents.<ref>Detroitblogger John. [http://www2.metrotimes.com/culture/story.asp?id=15003 "Southland"]. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20100808110544/http://www.metrotimes.com/culture/story.asp?id=15003 Archive]) ''[[Metro Times]]''. April 28, 2010. Retrieved on May 12, 2012.</ref> Many Lithuanians also settled in Detroit during the World War II era, especially on the city's Southwest side in the [[West Vernor-Junction Historic District|West Vernor]] area,<ref>{{cite book |title= Lithuanians in Michigan|last=Grazulis|first=Marius K.|publisher=Michigan State University Press|year=2009|jstor=10.14321/j.ctt7ztcn0|isbn=9780870138133}}</ref> where the renovated Lithuanian Hall reopened in 2006.<ref>(November 28, 2006). [http://www.modeldmedia.com/inthenews/lithuanian73.aspx Southwest Detroit's Lithuanian Hall to reopen after $2 million renovation], Modeldmedia.com</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bello|first= Marisol|url=http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061128/NEWS99/61128041 |title=Lithuanian center to reopen Thursday|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102232216/http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061128/NEWS99/61128041 |archive-date=November 2, 2013 |work=[[Detroit Free Press]]|date= November 28, 2006}}</ref>

While African Americans in 2020 comprised 13.5% of Michigan's population, they made up nearly 77.2% of Detroit's population. The next largest population groups were non-Hispanic whites, at 10.1%, and Hispanics, at 8.0%.<ref name=2020CensusP2/> In 2001, 103,000 Jews, or about 1.9% of the population, were living in the Detroit area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0005_0_05142.html|title=Detroit|publisher=Jewishvirtuallibrary.org|access-date=March 29, 2013}}</ref> According to the 2010 census, segregation in Detroit decreased in absolute and relative terms and in the first decade of the 21st century, about two-thirds of the total black population in the metropolitan area resided within the city limits of Detroit.<ref name="Wisely">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/2011-03-22-michigan-census_N.htm|title=Motor City population declines 25%|author1=Wisely, John|date=March 24, 2011|newspaper=USA Today|access-date=June 20, 2011|author2=Spangler, Todd}}</ref><ref>Towbridge, Gordon. [http://www.s4.brown.edu/cen2000/othersay/detroitnews/Stories/Racial%20divide%20widest%20in%20U_S_%20-%2001-14-02.pdf "Racial divide widest in U.S."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618153840/http://www.s4.brown.edu/cen2000/othersay/detroitnews/Stories/Racial%20divide%20widest%20in%20U_S_%20-%2001-14-02.pdf |date=June 18, 2010 }} ''[[The Detroit News]]''. January 14, 2002. Retrieved on March 30, 2009.</ref> The number of integrated neighborhoods increased from 100 in 2000 to 204 in 2010. After being ranked the most segregated metropolitan area in the United States in 2000, Detroit was ranked fourth most-segregated in 2010.<ref name="Wilkinson">{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/blogs/detroit/metro-detroit-no-longer-most-segregated-143407993.html|title=Metro Detroit no longer most segregated|last=Wilkinson|first=Mike|date=March 29, 2011|newspaper=Yahoo News|access-date=July 27, 2012}}</ref> A 2011 op-ed in ''[[The New York Times]]'' attributed the decreased segregation rating to the overall exodus from the city, cautioning that these areas may soon become more segregated. [[File:Chaldean Sacred Heart Church & Chaldean Center of America.JPG|thumb|[[Chaldean Town]], a historically Assyrian neighborhood in Detroit]]

There are four areas of Detroit with significant Asian and Asian American populations. Northeast Detroit has a large population of [[Hmong Americans|Hmong]]<ref name="Chou">{{cite news|last=Chou|first=Kimberly|url=http://www.michigandaily.com/content/growing-hmong-detroit |title= Growing up Hmong in Detroit |newspaper=[[The Michigan Daily]]|date=December 7, 2006 |access-date=December 31, 2012}}</ref> with a smaller group of [[Laotian Americans|Lao]] people. A portion of Detroit next to eastern [[Hamtramck, Michigan|Hamtramck]] includes [[Bangladeshi Americans]], [[Indian Americans]], and [[Pakistani Americans]]; nearly all of the Bangladeshi population in Detroit lives in that area. The area north of downtown has transient Asian national origin residents who are university students or hospital workers. Few of them have permanent residency after schooling ends. They are mostly Chinese and Indian but the population also includes Filipinos, Koreans, and Pakistanis. In Southwest and western Detroit there are smaller, scattered Asian communities.<ref name=MetzgerBoozap8>{{cite web|last1=Metzger|first1= Kurt|first2= Jason|last2= Booza|url=http://www.cus.wayne.edu/content/publications/Asians7.pdf |title= Asians in the United States, Michigan and Metropolitan Detroit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109050601/http://www.cus.wayne.edu/content/publications/Asians7.pdf |archive-date=November 9, 2013 |website= Center for Urban Studies|publisher= [[Wayne State University]]|date= January 2002 |format=Working Paper Series, No. 7. p. 8}}</ref><ref name= "Archambault">Archambault, Dennis. [http://www.modeldmedia.com/features/asianyouth70.aspx "Young and Asian in Detroit"]. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20061117093047/http://www.modeldmedia.com/features/asianyouth70.aspx Archive]) ''Model D Media''. Issue Media Group, LLC. Tuesday November 14, 2006. Retrieved on November 5, 2012.</ref>