Editing Demosthenes (section)

==Works and transmission==
{{details|Works of Demosthenes}}
The "publication" and distribution of prose texts was common practice in Athens by the latter half of the fourth century&nbsp;BC and Demosthenes was among the Athenian politicians who set the trend, publishing many or even all of his orations.<ref name="Weil66-67">H. Yunis, ''Demosthenes: On The Crown'', 26; H. Weil, ''Biography of Demosthenes'', 66–67.</ref> After his death, texts of his speeches survived in Athens (possibly forming part of the library of Cicero's friend, Atticus, though their fate is otherwise unknown), and in the [[Library of Alexandria]].<ref>However, the speeches that Demosthenes "published" might have differed from the original speeches that were actually delivered (there are indications that he rewrote them with readers in mind) and therefore it is possible also that he "published" different versions of any one speech, differences that could have impacted on the Alexandrian edition of his works and thus on all subsequent editions down to the present day. See H. Yunis, ''Demosthenes: On The Crown'', 26–27.</ref>

The Alexandrian texts were incorporated into the body of classical Greek literature that was preserved, catalogued and studied by the scholars of the [[Hellenistic civilization|Hellenistic]] period. From then until the fourth century AD, copies of Demosthenes' orations multiplied and they were in a relatively good position to survive the tense period from the sixth until the ninth century&nbsp;AD.<ref name="Yunis28">H. Yunis, ''Demosthenes: On the Crown'', 28.</ref> In the end, sixty-one orations attributed to Demosthenes survived till the present day (some however are pseudonymous). [[Friedrich Blass]], a German classical scholar, believes that nine more speeches were recorded by the orator, but they are not extant.<ref name="Blass1">F. Blass, ''Die attische Beredsamkeit'', III, 1, 60.</ref> Modern editions of these speeches are based on four [[manuscript]]s of the tenth and eleventh centuries&nbsp;AD.<ref name="Gibson1">C. A. Gibson, ''Interpreting a Classic'', 1; K. A. Kapparis, ''Apollodoros against Neaira'', 62.</ref>

Some of the speeches that comprise the "Demosthenic corpus" are known to have been written by other authors, though scholars differ over which speeches these are.{{Ref label|M|m|none}} Irrespective of their status, the speeches attributed to Demosthenes are often grouped in three genres first defined by Aristotle:<ref>G. Kennedy, "Oratory", 500.</ref>
* ''Symbouleutic'' or ''political'', considering the expediency of future actions—sixteen such speeches are included in the Demosthenic corpus;{{Ref label|M|m|none}}
* ''Dicanic'' or ''judicial'', assessing the justice of past actions—only about ten of these are cases in which Demosthenes was personally involved, the rest were written for other speakers;<ref>G. Kennedy, "Oratory", 514.</ref>
* ''Epideictic'' or ''sophistic display'', attributing praise or blame, often delivered at public ceremonies—only two speeches have been included in the Demosthenic corpus, one a funeral speech that has been dismissed as a "rather poor" example of his work, and the other probably spurious.<ref>G Kennedy, "Oratory", 510.</ref>

In addition to the speeches, there are fifty-six [[prologue]]s (openings of speeches). They were collected for the Library of Alexandria by [[Callimachus]], who believed them genuine.<ref name="MacKie135">I. Worthington, ''Oral Performance'', 135.</ref> Modern scholars are divided: some reject them, while others, such as Blass, believe they are authentic.<ref name="Blass287">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Demosthenes|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia The Helios|year=1952}}; F. Blass, ''Die Attische Beredsamkeit'', III, 1, 281–287.</ref> Finally, six letters also survive under Demosthenes' name and their authorship too is hotly debated.{{Ref label|N|n|none}}