Editing Demographics of Croatia (section)

==Education==
{{Main|Education in Croatia}}
[[File:Croatia_population_education_2001_census.png|thumb|left|Education completed by population of Croatia (over age of 14) according to 2001 census. The segment achieving [[academic degree]]s more than doubled by 2008.]]
Literacy in Croatia is 98.1 percent.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/croatia/|title=World Factbook|access-date=9 September 2011|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref> The 2001 census reported that 15.7% of the population over the age of 14 has an incomplete elementary education, and 21.9% has only an elementary school education. 42.8% of the population over the age of 14 has a [[vocational education]] and 4.9% completed [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]]. 4.2% of the same population received an [[undergraduate degree]], while 7.5% received an [[academic degree]], and 0.5% received a [[postgraduate]] or a [[doctoral degree]].<ref>{{Croatian Census 2001 |url=http://web.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/Census2001/Popis/H01_02_14/H01_02_14_RH.html |title=Radno sposobno stanovništvo staro 15 i više godina prema starosti, trenutačnom statusu aktivnosti i završenoj školi, po županijama, popis 2001|access-date=7 November 2011}}</ref> Croatia recorded a substantial growth of the population attaining academic degrees and by 2008, this population segment was estimated to encompass 16.7% of the total population of Croatians 15 and over.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Slobodna Dalmacija]]|language=hr|url=http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Hrvatska/tabid/66/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/21394/Default.aspx|title=Hrvatska po rastu broja studenata prva u Europi|author=Petar Dorić|date=7 September 2008}}</ref> A worldwide study about the quality of living in different countries published by ''[[Newsweek]]'' in August 2010 ranked the Croatian education system at 22nd, a position shared with Austria.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2010/08/15/interactive-infographic-of-the-worlds-best-countries.html |title=Newsweek study of Health, Education, Economy and Politics ranks the globe's top nations |magazine=[[Newsweek]] |date=15 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831130227/http://www.newsweek.com/2010/08/15/interactive-infographic-of-the-worlds-best-countries.html |archive-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2004, it was estimated that 4.5% of the GDP is spent for education, while schooling expectancy was estimated to 14 years on average.<ref name="CIA"/> Primary education in Croatia starts at the age of six or seven and consists of eight grades. In 2007 a law was passed to increase free, noncompulsory education until 18 years of age. Compulsory education consists of eight grades of elementary school. Secondary education is provided by [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasiums]] and [[vocational school]]s. As of 2010, there are 2,131 elementary schools and 713 schools providing various forms of secondary education. Primary and secondary education are also available in languages of recognised minorities in Croatia, where classes are held in [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], Italian, Serbian and German languages.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010">{{cite web|publisher=[[Croatian Bureau of Statistics]]|url=http://web.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/ljetopis/2010/SLJH2010.pdf|title=2010 – Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia|date=December 2010}}</ref>

[[File:University of Zagreb.jpg|thumb|right|The [[University of Zagreb]]]]
There are 84 elementary level and 47 secondary level [[music school|music]] and [[art schools]], as well as 92 schools for disabled children and youth and 74 schools for adults.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/> Nationwide [[Matura|leaving exams]] ({{langx|hr|državna matura}}) were introduced for secondary education students in the 2009–2010 school year. It comprises three compulsory subjects (Croatian language, [[mathematics]], and a foreign language) and optional subjects and is a prerequisite for a university education.<ref name="MZOS-Matura">{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of Science, Education and Sports (Croatia)]]|language=hr|url=http://public.mzos.hr/Default.aspx?sec=2246|title=Državna matura|access-date=12 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326060402/http://public.mzos.hr/Default.aspx?sec=2246|archive-date=26 March 2016}}</ref>

Croatia has eight public universities, the [[University of Zagreb]], [[University of Split]], [[University of Rijeka]], [[University of Osijek]], [[University of Zadar]], [[University of Dubrovnik]], [[University of Pula]] and [[Dubrovnik International University]].
The University of Zadar, the first university in Croatia, was founded in 1396 and remained active until 1807, when other institutions of higher education took over. It was reopened in 2002.<ref name="Zadar-Uni">{{cite web|publisher=[[University of Zadar]]|url=http://www.unizd.hr/Onama/tabid/55/Default.aspx|language=hr|title=O nama|access-date=15 October 2011}}</ref> The University of Zagreb, founded in 1669, is the oldest continuously operating university in Southeast Europe.<ref name="Zagreb-Uni">{{cite web|publisher=[[University of Zagreb]]|url= http://www.unizg.hr/homepage/about-university/history/|title=University of Zagreb 1699–2005|access-date=15 October 2011}}</ref> There are also 11 [[institute of technology|polytechnics]] and 23 [[higher education]] institutions, of which 19 are private. In total, there are 132 institutions of higher education in Croatia, attended by more than 145&nbsp;thousand students.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/>

There are 205 companies, government or education system institutions and non-profit organizations in Croatia pursuing scientific research and the development of technology. Combined, they spent more than 3&nbsp;billion kuna (400&nbsp;million euro) and employed 10,191 full-time research staff in 2008.<ref name="DZS-Stat2010"/> Among the scientific institutes operating in Croatia, the largest is the [[Ruđer Bošković Institute]] in Zagreb.<ref name="JL-IRB">{{cite news|newspaper=Jutarnji list|language=hr|url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/ciklotron--spojevi-i-novi-katalizatori---to-je-institut-ruder-boskovic-dao-svijetu-/823851/|title=60. rođendan Instituta Ruđer Bošković: Svijetu je dao ciklotron, spojeve i novi katalizator|date=9 June 2010|access-date=3 November 2011|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222206/http://www.jutarnji.hr/ciklotron--spojevi-i-novi-katalizatori---to-je-institut-ruder-boskovic-dao-svijetu-/823851/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts]] in Zagreb is a [[learned society]] promoting language, culture, arts and science since its inception in 1866.<ref name="HAZU-founding">{{cite web|publisher=[[Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts]]|url=http://info.hazu.hr/foundation_of_academy|title=The Founding of the Academy|access-date=12 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606084626/http://info.hazu.hr/foundation_of_academy|archive-date=6 June 2010}}</ref> Scientists from Croatia include inventors and [[Nobel Prize]] winners.<ref name="JL-scientists">{{cite news|newspaper=Jutarnji list |language=hr |url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/najbolje-sto-su-hrvati-dali-znanosti/311070/ |title=Najbolje što su Hrvati dali znanosti|date=4 October 2010|author=Tanja Rudež |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126120318/http://www.jutarnji.hr/najbolje-sto-su-hrvati-dali-znanosti/311070/ |archive-date=26 January 2012}}</ref>