Editing Deconstruction (section)

==Development after Derrida==
===The Yale School===
{{Further|Yale school}}
Between the late 1960s and the early 1980s, many thinkers were influenced by deconstruction, including [[Paul de Man]], [[Geoffrey Hartman]], and [[J. Hillis Miller]]. This group came to be known as the [[Yale school (deconstruction)|Yale school]] and was especially influential in [[literary criticism]]. Derrida and Hillis Miller were subsequently affiliated with the [[University of California Irvine|University of California, Irvine]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tisch|first1=Maude|title=A critical distance|url=http://yaleherald.com/news-and-features/a-critical-distance/|website=The Yale Herald|access-date=2017-01-27}}</ref>

Miller has described deconstruction this way: "Deconstruction is not a dismantling of the structure of a text, but a demonstration that it has already dismantled itself. Its apparently solid ground is no rock, but thin air."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=J. Hillis|title=STEVENS' ROCK AND CRITICISM AS CURE: In Memory of William K. Wimsatt (1907-1975)|journal=The Georgia Review|date=1976|volume=30|issue=1|pages=5–31|jstor=41399571|issn=0016-8386}}</ref>

===Critical legal studies movement===
{{Further|Critical legal studies}}{{See also|Postmodern criminology}}
Arguing that law and politics cannot be separated, the founders of the Critical Legal Studies movement found it necessary to criticize the absence of the recognition of this inseparability at the level of theory. To demonstrate the [[Indeterminacy (philosophy)|indeterminacy]] of [[legal doctrine]], these scholars often adopt a method, such as [[structuralism]] in [[linguistics]], or deconstruction in [[Continental philosophy]], to make explicit the deep structure of categories and tensions at work in legal texts and talk. The aim was to deconstruct the tensions and procedures by which they are constructed, expressed, and deployed.

For example, [[Duncan Kennedy (legal philosopher)|Duncan Kennedy]], in explicit reference to semiotics and deconstruction procedures, maintains that various legal doctrines are constructed around the binary pairs of opposed concepts, each of which has a claim upon intuitive and formal forms of reasoning that must be made explicit in their meaning and relative value, and criticized. Self and other, private and public, subjective and objective, freedom and control are examples of such pairs demonstrating the influence of opposing concepts on the development of legal doctrines throughout history.<ref name="Bridge"/>

===''Deconstructing History''===
Deconstructive readings of history and sources have changed the entire discipline of history. In ''Deconstructing History'', [[Alun Munslow]] examines history in what he argues is a postmodern age. He provides an introduction to the debates and issues of postmodernist history. He also surveys the latest research into the relationship between the past, history, and historical practice, as well as articulating his own theoretical challenges.<ref name="Munslow"/>

===''The Inoperative Community''===
[[Jean-Luc Nancy]] argues, in his 1982 book ''The Inoperative Community'', for an understanding of community and society that is undeconstructable because it is prior to conceptualisation. Nancy's work is an important development of deconstruction because it takes the challenge of deconstruction seriously and attempts to develop an understanding of political terms that is undeconstructable and therefore suitable for a philosophy after Derrida. Nancy's work produced a critique of deconstruction by making the possibility for a relation to the other. This relation to the other is called “anastasis” in Nancy's work.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/qui-parle/article-abstract/31/2/339/320788/Deconstruction-and-Anastasis |access-date=2023-07-09 |journal=Qui Parle|doi=10.1215/10418385-10052375 |title=Deconstruction and Anastasis |date=2022 |last1=Mohan |first1=Shaj |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=339–344 }}</ref>

===''The Ethics of Deconstruction''===
[[Simon Critchley]] argues, in his 1992 book ''The Ethics of Deconstruction'',<ref>{{cite book|last1=Critchley|first1=Simon|author-link=Simon Critchley|title=The Ethics of Deconstruction: Derrida and Levinas|date=2014|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|location=Edinburgh|isbn=9780748689323|page=352|edition=3rd|url=http://www.euppublishing.com/book/9780748689323 |access-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> that Derrida's deconstruction is an intrinsically ethical practice. Critchley argues that deconstruction involves an openness to the [[Other (philosophy)|Other]] that makes it ethical in the [[Emmanuel Levinas|Levinasian]] understanding of the term.

===''Derrida and the Political''===
[[File:JudithButler2013.jpg|thumb|Judith Butler]]
Jacques Derrida has had a great influence on contemporary [[political theory]] and political philosophy. Derrida's thinking has inspired [[Slavoj Žižek|Slavoj Zizek]], [[Richard Rorty]], [[Ernesto Laclau]], [[Judith Butler]] and many more contemporary theorists who have developed a deconstructive approach to [[politics]]. Because deconstruction examines the internal logic of any given text or discourse it has helped many authors to analyse the contradictions inherent in all schools of thought; and, as such, it has proved revolutionary in political analysis, particularly ideology critiques.<ref>{{cite book|last1=McQuillan|first1=Martin|title=The Politics of Deconstruction: Jacques Derrida and the Other of Philosophy|date=2007|publisher=Pluto Press|location=London|isbn=978-0745326740|edition=1st}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=September 2017}}

Richard Beardsworth, developing from Critchley's ''Ethics of Deconstruction'', argues, in his 1996 ''Derrida and the Political'', that deconstruction is an intrinsically political practice. He further argues that the future of deconstruction faces a perhaps undecidable choice between a [[Theology|theological]] approach and a technological approach, represented first of all by the work of [[Bernard Stiegler]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beardsworth |first=Richard |title=Derrida & the political |date=1996 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-10966-6 |series=Thinking the political |location=London; New York}}</ref>

===Faith===
{{see also-text|[[Faith deconstruction]]|[[Positive deconstruction]]}}
The term "[[deconstructing faith]]" has been used to describe processes of critically examining one's religious beliefs with the possibility of rejecting them, taking individual responsibility for beliefs acquired from others, or reconstructing more nuanced or mature faith. This use of the term has been particularly prominent in American Evangelical Christianity in the 2020s. Author [[Nakedpastor|David Hayward]] said he "co-opted the term" ''deconstruction'' because he was reading the work of Derrida at the time his religious beliefs came into question.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Garrison |first1=Becky |date=9 September 2020 |title=Doubt, Marriage, and the NakedPastor |work=[[The Humanist]] |url=https://thehumanist.com/arts_entertainment/books/doubt-marriage-and-the-nakedpastor/ |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> Others had earlier used the term "faith deconstruction" to describe similar processes, and theologian [[James W. Fowler]] articulated a similar concept as part of his faith stages theory.<ref name="Jamieson">{{cite book |last1=Jamieson |first1=Alan |title=A Churchless Faith: Faith journeys beyond the churches |date=2002 |publisher=SPCK |location=London |isbn=0-281-05465-7 |pages=68–74, 77, 89, 108–25, 126, 147, 148, 166, 168, 170 |edition=First SPCK |url=https://archive.org/details/churchlessfaithf0000jami |access-date=8 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="Fowler">{{cite book |last1=Fowler |first1=James |title=Stages of Faith: The Psychology of Faith Development and the Quest for Meaning |date=1981 |publisher=Harper & Row Publishers |location=San Francisco |isbn=0-06-062840-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/stagesoffaith0000unse |access-date=8 January 2025}}</ref>

===Cuisine===
{{main|Deconstructed cuisine}}
Leading Spanish chef [[Ferran Adrià]] coined [[deconstructed cuisine|"deconstruction" as a style of cuisine]], which he described as drawing from the creative principles of Spanish modernists like [[Salvador Dalí]] and [[Antoni Gaudí]] to deconstruct conventional cooking techniques in the modern era. Deconstructed recipes typically preserve the core ingredients and techniques of an established dish, but prepare components of a dish separately while experimenting radically with its flavor, texture, ratios, and assembly to culminate in a stark, [[minimalist]] style of [[presentation (cuisine)|presentation]] with similarly minimal portion sizes.<ref name=AdriaClot>Rosell, Meritxell. [https://clotmag.com/key-artists/ferran-adria "FERRAN ADRIA, sublime food deconstruction"], ''Clot Magazine'', 17 May 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2024.</ref><ref name=FWFS>[[Roncero, Paco]]. [https://www.foodswinesfromspain.com/en/fws-academy/cooking-techniques/modern/deconstruction "Deconstruction"], ''Foods and Wines from Spain''. Retrieved 2 March 2024.</ref>