Editing Cystic fibrosis (section)

=== Gastrointestinal ===
Problems with the gastrointestinal system including constipation and obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract including distal intestinal obstruction syndrome are frequent complications for people with cystic fibrosis.<ref name="pmid34936085" /> Treatment of gastrointestinal problems is required in order to prevent a complete obstruction, reduce other CF symptoms, and improve the quality of life.<ref name="pmid34936085" /> While stool softeners, laxatives, and prokinetics (GI-focused treatments) are often suggested, there is no clear consensus from experts as to which approach is the best and comes with the least risks.<ref name="pmid34936085" /> Mucolytics or systemic treatments aimed at dysfunctional CFTR are also sometimes suggested to improve symptoms.<ref name=":0" /> The evidence supporting these recommendations is very weak and more research is needed to understand how to prevent and treat GI problems in people with CF.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Carroll |first1=Will |last2=Green |first2=Jessica |last3=Gilchrist |first3=Francis J. |date=22 December 2021 |title=Interventions for preventing distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) in cystic fibrosis |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2021 |issue=12 |pages=CD012619 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012619.pub3 |issn=1469-493X |pmc=8693853 |pmid=34936085}}</ref> In addition, there is a risk of gastrointestinal malignancy, especially in the transplanted patient, and screening procedures may be considered at an earlier age.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vyas |first1=Aditya Pradeep |last2=Ananthaneni |first2=Anil |last3=Abdehou |first3=Sam |last4=Pandit |first4=Sudha |date=2023-08-29 |title=Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at the site of tracheo-esophageal fistula repair in a patient with cystic fibrosis |journal=BMJ Case Reports |volume=16 |issue=8 |pages=e253542 |doi=10.1136/bcr-2022-253542 |issn=1757-790X |pmc=10465901 |pmid=37643818|pmc-embargo-date=August 29, 2025 }}</ref>