Editing Choline (section)

===Neural tube closure===
Low maternal intake of choline is associated with an increased risk of [[neural tube defect]]s (NTDs).<ref name="Kenny2025"/> Higher maternal intake of choline is likely associated with better neurocognition/neurodevelopment in children.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Obeid |first1=Rima |last2=Derbyshire |first2=Emma |last3=Schön |first3=Christiane |title=Association between Maternal Choline, Fetal Brain Development, and Child Neurocognition: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Studies |journal=Advances in Nutrition |date=30 August 2022 |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=2445–2457 |doi=10.1093/advances/nmac082|pmid=36041182 |pmc=9776654 }}</ref><ref name=lpi/> Choline and folate, interacting with [[Vitamin B12|vitamin B<sub>12</sub>]], act as methyl donors to homocysteine to form methionine, which can then go on to form ''S''-adenosylmethionine (SAM).<ref name=lpi/> SAM is the substrate for almost all [[methylation]] reactions in mammals. It has been suggested that disturbed methylation via SAM could be responsible for the relation between folate and NTDs.<ref>{{Cite journal|display-authors=et al|vauthors=Imbard A|date=2013|title=Neural tube defects, folic acid and methylation|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=10|issue=9|pages=4352–4389|doi=10.3390/ijerph10094352|pmc=3799525|pmid=24048206|doi-access=free}}</ref> This may also apply to choline.{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}} Certain [[mutation]]s that disturb choline metabolism increase the prevalence of NTDs in newborns, but the role of dietary choline deficiency remains unclear, {{as of|2015|lc=y|post=.}}<ref name=lpi/>