Editing Chartres Cathedral (section)

===Rose windows===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="250">
File:Vitrail Chartres-rosace 143.jpg|The west rose window {{circa|1215}}
File:Chartres_RosetteNord_121_DSC08241.jpg|North transept rose window, {{circa|1230}}
File:Chartres_RosetteSued_122_DSC08269.jpg|South transept rose window, {{circa|1221–1230}}
</gallery>
The cathedral has three large [[rose windows]]. The western rose ({{Circa|1215}}, 12&nbsp;m in diameter) shows the Last Judgment – a traditional theme for west façades. A central [[Oculus (architecture)|oculus]] showing Christ as the Judge is surrounded by an inner ring of twelve paired roundels containing angels and the Elders of the Apocalypse and an outer ring of 12 roundels showing the dead emerging from their tombs and the angels blowing trumpets to summon them to judgment.

The north transept rose (10.5&nbsp;m diameter, {{Circa|1230}}), like much of the sculpture in the north porch beneath it, is dedicated to the Virgin.<ref>For details see Delaporte & Houvet, 1926, pp. 496ff</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/palissy/IM28000460|title=Verrière de la maison de France (baie 121)|website=pop.culture.gouv.fr}}</ref> The central oculus shows the Virgin and Child and is surrounded by twelve small petal-shaped windows, four with doves (the 'Four Gifts of the Spirit'), the rest with adoring angels carrying candlesticks. Beyond this is a ring of twelve diamond-shaped openings containing the Old Testament [[Kings of Judah]], another ring of smaller lozenges containing the arms of France and [[Kingdom of Castile|Castille]], and finally a ring of semicircles containing Old Testament Prophets holding scrolls. The presence of the arms of the French king (yellow [[Fleur-de-lis|fleurs-de-lis]] on a blue background) and of his mother, [[Blanche of Castile]] (yellow castles on a red background) are taken as a sign of royal patronage for this window. Beneath the rose itself are five tall lancet windows (7.5&nbsp;m high) showing, in the center, the Virgin as an infant held by her mother, St Anne – the same subject as the trumeau in the portal beneath it. Flanking this lancet are four more containing Old Testament figures. Each of these standing figures is shown symbolically triumphing over an enemy depicted in the base of the lancet beneath them – David over Saul, Aaron over Pharaoh, St Anne over ''Synagoga'', etc.

The south transept rose (10.5&nbsp;m diameter, made {{Circa|1225–30}}) is dedicated to Christ, who is shown in the central oculus, right hand raised in [[benediction]], surrounded by adoring angels. Two outer rings of twelve circles each contain the 24 Elders of the [[Apocalypse]], crowned and carrying phials and musical instruments. The central lancet beneath the rose shows the Virgin carrying the infant Christ. Either side of this are four lancets showing the four evangelists sitting on the shoulders of four prophets – a rare literal illustration of the theological principle that the New Testament builds upon the Old Testament. This window was a donation of the Mauclerc family, the [[Counts of Dreux|Counts of Dreux-Bretagne]], who are depicted with their arms in the bases of the lancets.<ref>Claudine Lautier, ''Les vitraux de la cathédrale de Chartres. Reliques et images'', Bulletin Monumentale, 161:1, 2003, pp. 3–96</ref>