Editing Challenger Deep (section)

===2014 – RV ''Kairei''===
JAMSTEC deployed ''Kairei'' to the Challenger Deep again 11–17 January 2014, under the leadership of chief scientist Takuro Nunora. The cruise identifier was KR14-01, titled: "Trench [[biosphere]] expedition for the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench". The expedition sampled at six stations transecting the central basin, with only two deployments of the "11-K camera system" lander for sediment cores and water samples to "Station C" at the deepest depth, i.e. {{Coord|11|22.19429|N|142|25.7574|E}}, at {{convert|10903|m|ft|0}}. The other stations were investigated with the "Multi-core" lander, both to the backarc northward, and to the Pacific Plate southward. The 11,000-meter capable crawler-driven ROV ''ABIMSO'' was sent to 7,646 m depth about 20 nmi due north of the central basin (ABISMO dive #21) specifically to identify possible hydrothermal activity on the north slope of the Challenger Deep, as suggested by findings from ''Kairei'' cruise KR08-05 in 2008.<ref>Inoue, T. et.al, [https://www.globaloceandesign.com/uploads/3/0/7/4/30747513/2009_into_the_trench_part_1.pdf Crawler System for Deep Sea ROVs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505025229/https://www.globaloceandesign.com/uploads/3/0/7/4/30747513/2009_into_the_trench_part_1.pdf |date=5 May 2019 }}, ''Marine Technology Society Journal'', Winter 2009, Volume 43, No. 5, pp. 97–104.</ref> ''AMISMO''{{'s}} dives #20 and #22 were to 7,900 meters about 15 nmi north of the deepest waters of the central basin. Italian researchers under the leadership of Laura Carugati from the [[Polytechnic University of Marche]], Italy (UNIVPM) were investigating the dynamics in virus/[[prokaryotes]] interactions in the Mariana Trench.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/kairei/kr14-01/e| title = RV Kairei Cruise Report, KR14-01, Trench biosphere expedition for the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench, Jan 6–20, 2014| access-date = 7 December 2019| archive-date = 7 December 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191207064257/http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/kairei/kr14-01/e| url-status = live}}</ref>