Editing Carrefour (section)

==Former international operations==
[[File:Carrefour Makuhari 20090415.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Former Carrefour store at [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]], [[Japan]]]]
[[File:Carrefour Philadelphia.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Former Carrefour store in [[Philadelphia]], [[United States]]]]
[[File:TIENDA CARREFOUR CUERNAVACA.jpg|alt=Former Carrefour store in Cuernavaca.|thumb|Former Carrefour store in [[Cuernavaca]], [[Morelos]], [[Mexico|México]].]]
[[File:Мега парк, Бул. Цариградско шосе, София.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Former Carrefour store in Bulgaria within [[The Mall (Sofia)|The Mall]] shopping center in [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]] opened in early 2010]]
* Austria – In 1976 Carrefour opened a store in the [[Shopping City Süd]] at the southern edge of Vienna. Due to limited success, the store closed soon after. Carrefour has not made any other attempt at entering the Austrian market after that.
*
* Chile – Carrefour opened six supermarkets in [[Santiago de Chile]] between 1998 and 2003. However, Carrefour never surpassed a 3% market share in the country and their assets in Chile were sold to [[Distribución y Servicio|D&S]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.america-retail.com/hitos-de-grandes-marcas/hitos-de-grandes-marcas-carrefour-fracasa-en-chile/|title=Hitos de Grandes Marcas: Carrefour fracasa en Chile|author=América Retail|language=es|date=11 April 2019}}</ref>
* China – Carrefour entered China in 1995. In 2007, Carrefour opened 22 stores in China – where the company broke its record for store openings in a one-year period. It was the leading foreign retailer in terms of sales figures, until 2008 and has since lost its No. 1 position in China to [[Walmart]]. In 2019, Carrefour sold 80% equity of Carrefour China to local retail comglomorate Suning.com at €620 million, marking the company's exit from China.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mingtiandi.com/real-estate/retail/suning-buys-80-stake-in-carrefour-china-for-rmb-4-8b/|title=SUNING BUYS CARREFOUR'S CHINA OPERATION OFF THE DISCOUNT SHELF AT RMB 4.8B|author=Mingtiandi|date=24 June 2019}}</ref>
* Colombia – In October 2012, Carrefour sold all 72 stores in Colombia to Chilean retailer [[Cencosud]] for $2.6&nbsp; billion, with Cencosud converting all existing Carrefour hypermarkets to its [[Jumbo (hypermarket)|Jumbo]] and Metro brands. Carrefour pulled out of Colombia to focus on its core markets.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-20002804|title=Carrefour shares up on Colombia sale to Cencosud|date=19 October 2012|access-date=3 June 2017|work=BBC News}}</ref>
* Cyprus – In 2017, all of the Carrefour stores were sold to a Greek supermarket brand [[:el:Σκλαβενίτης|Sklavenitis]] and underwent a major rebranding, to reflect the brand that now owns the stores.
* Czech Republic – In September 2005, Carrefour sold eleven stores in the Czech Republic to [[Tesco]], the largest UK retailer. [[Tesco]] paid €57.4&nbsp; million as well as its stores in Taiwan. Carrefour opened its first store in 1998 in the Czech Republic. The stores use the Tesco name and brand now.
* Germany – The only store in Germany was opened in 1977 in [[Bretzenheim|Mainz-Bretzenheim]] as a joint venture with [[Delhaize Group|Delhaize le Lion]] and German retailer Stüssgen (later part of [[REWE Group]]). Due to problems with a new building permit process and the associated difficulties in opening new locations, the store was sold in 1979 to the German retailer Massa.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1979-03-18|title=Carrefour auf dem Rückzug|language=de|work=Der Spiegel|url=https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/carrefour-auf-dem-rueckzug-a-1ac3bc2b-0002-0001-0000-000040350201|access-date=2022-01-16|issn=2195-1349}}</ref>
* Hong Kong – On 18 September 2000,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WDP/is_2000_Sept_4/ai_65102716/ |title="France's Carrefour to close stores in H.K" ''Asian Economic News'', Sept 4, 2000 |publisher=Findarticles.com |date=4 September 2000 |access-date=19 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="The Standard">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/archive_news_detail.asp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130107165740/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/archive_news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=26758&sid=&con_type=1&archive_d_str=20000830|url-status=dead|title=The Standard – China's Business Newspaper|archive-date=7 January 2013|access-date=31 July 2009}}</ref> Carrefour closed its stores in Hong Kong after complaints from manufacturers about selling products (especially electronics) at prices far below those of its competitors.<ref name="council">{{cite web|url=https://www.consumer.org.hk/ws_en/competition_issues/reports/19970924.html |title=Consumer Council – The Practice of Resale Price Maintenance in Hong Kong (2 September 1997) |publisher=.consumer.org.hk |date=2 September 1997 |access-date=19 April 2011}}</ref> A company spokesman said at that time that the closures were due to "difficulties in finding sites suitable for developing its hypermarket concept and quickly acquiring a significant market share". Carrefour entered the Hong Kong market in December 1996 with a store in [[Heng Fa Chuen]] and later added stores in [[Tsuen Wan]] ([[Skyline Plaza (Hong Kong)|Skyline Plaza]]), [[Tuen Mun]], [[Yuen Long]] and [[Tsim Sha Tsui]]. Plans to open additional stores in [[Ma On Shan (town)|Ma On Shan]], [[Tseung Kwan O]] and [[Yau Tsim Mong]] had been cancelled.
* India – Carrefour operated [[Cash and carry (wholesale)|cash and carry]] stores in India under the name Carrefour Wholesale Cash & Carry. The first store opened on 30 December 2010 in [[Shahdara district|Shahdara]], Delhi.<ref>[http://www.domain-b.com/industry/Retail/20101231_shahadara_hardly.html Carrefour opens shop in Delhi's Shahadara]. ''Domain-B''. 31 December 2010</ref> This was followed by a store in [[Jaipur]] in late 2011 and one in [[Meerut]] in October 2012, [[Agra]] in December 2013. Prior to September 2012, India's [[foreign direct investment]] (FDI) policy did not allow foreign companies to open multi-brand retail stores in the country. However, 100% FDI in cash-and-carry has been permitted since 1997. As a result, most global retailers, including Carrefour, opted for the cash-and-carry route in India. A new FDI policy, allowing up to 51% FDI in multi-brand retail, came into effect on 20 September 2012.<ref name="TOI-FDI-01">{{cite news|date=20 September 2012|title=FDI in multi-brand retail comes into effect, India Inc euphoric|work=The Times Of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/FDI-in-multi-brand-retail-comes-into-effect-India-Inc-euphoric/articleshow/16478945.cms|access-date=24 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="TOI-FDI-02">{{cite news|date=20 September 2012|title=FDI: Hypermarket chains Wal-Mart, Tesco and Carrefour biggest beneficiaries of FDI in retail|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/services/retailing/fdi-hypermarket-chains-wal-mart-tesco-and-carrefour-biggest-beneficiaries-of-fdi-in-retail/articleshow/msid-10967218,curpg-2.cms|access-date=24 September 2012}}</ref> On 8 July 2014, Carrefour announced that it would shut down its Indian operations and close its five wholesale stores by the end of September.<ref>{{cite news|date=8 July 2014|title=Carrefour to exit India, shut five wholesale stores|work=TODAY|url=http://www.todayonline.com/business/carrefour-exit-india-shut-five-wholesale-stores|access-date=29 August 2014|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729213932/https://www.todayonline.com/business/carrefour-exit-india-shut-five-wholesale-stores|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2024, Carrefour plans to re-enter the Indian market with the joint-venture of [[Apparel Group]], Carrefour plans to open Indian locations during Q2 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=French Retail Giant Carrefour To Return To India By June 2025 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/french-retail-giant-carrefour-to-return-to-india-by-june-2025-6525203 |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singsit |first=Jangoulun |date=2024-09-10 |title=Carrefour partners Apparel Group to re-enter Indian market |url=https://www.retail-insight-network.com/news/carrefour-apparel-group-india/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Retail Insight Network |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Indonesia – The first Carrefour branch in Indonesia opened on 14 October 1998 in [[Cempaka Putih]] region of Jakarta, following the end of [[1997 Asian financial crisis]] and the subsequent [[fall of Suharto]]. In 2012, after operating independently, Carrefour Indonesia was bought by [[CT Corp]] and its shares are owned by [[Chairul Tanjung]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Whery Enggo Prayogi|title=Chairul Tanjung Kuasai 100% Saham Carrefour Indonesia|url=http://finance.detik.com/read/2012/11/20/142451/2095793/4/chairul-tanjung-kuasai-100-saham-carrefour-indonesia|access-date=30 July 2015|publisher=Finance.detik.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CT Corp Ambil Alih 100% Saham Carrefour|url=https://investor.id/archive/ct-corp-ambil-alih-100-saham-carrefour|access-date=2022-02-07|website=investor.id|language=id}}</ref> CT Corp developed Transmart in 2014, a subsidiary of CT Corp operated by PT Trans Retail Indonesia (formerly PT Carrefour Indonesia, PT Contimas Utama Indonesia, PT Cartisa Properti Indonesia and PT Carti Satria Megaswalayan) and named after CT Corp's television networks [[Trans TV]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Transmart Carrefour Pertama Diresmikan|url=https://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2014/06/20/transmart-carrefour-pertama-diresmikan|access-date=2022-02-07|website=Wartakotalive.com|language=id-ID}}</ref> It also developed Groserindo, a grocery store also largely operated by Carrefour.<ref>{{cite web|author=Whery Enggo Prayogi|title=CT: Saya Beli Perusahaan Asing Dengan Duit Asing, Kini Jadi|url=http://finance.detik.com/read/2012/11/20/161550/2095977/4/ct-saya-beli-perusahaan-asing-dengan-duit-asing-kini-jadi-punya-indonesia|access-date=30 July 2015|publisher=Finance.detik.com}}</ref> Carrefour officially left the nation in 2020, and CT Corp rebranded all remaining branches as Transmart.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lona Olavia|date=9 January 2015|title=2019, Carrefour Ganti Nama Jadi Transmart|url=http://www.beritasatu.com/ekonomi/239379-2019-carrefour-ganti-nama-jadi-transmart.html|access-date=1 February 2017|publisher=beritasatu.com}}</ref>
* Japan – In 1999 Carrefour's Japanese subsidiary, Carrefour Japan Co. Ltd., opened.<ref name="BloombergAEONMarche">"[https://archive.today/20131014003706/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapid=20905247 Company Overview of AEON Marche´ Co., Ltd.]" ([https://archive.today/20131014003706/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapid=20905247 Archive]) [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] [[Businessweek]]. Retrieved on 13 October 2013.</ref> The first Carrefour in Japan opened in a suburb of Tokyo in December 2000. In January and February 2001 new Carrefour stores opened in Tokyo and Osaka. Sales were initially strong, but, as Miki Tanikawa of ''The New York Times'' wrote, "...10 months later, there is barely a line for most of the day at cash registers of most Carrefour stores here. Lengthy aisles of goods ranging from clothes to bicycles are mostly empty."<ref>Tanikawa, Miki. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/05/business/worldbusiness/05iht-carref_ed3_.html French Supermarket Struggles to Fit In]." ''[[The New York Times]]''. 5 October 2001. Retrieved on 13 October 2013.</ref> In early 2003, Carrefour sold its 8 hypermarkets to [[AEON Group]] and on 10 March 2005, the subsidiary's name changed to AEON Marché Co., Ltd.<ref name="BloombergAEONMarche" /> The stores were still operated in the Carrefour name until 31 March 2010, when the license expired.<ref>"[http://www.aeon.info/export/sites/renewal/common/images/en/pressroom/imgsrc/100115R.pdf Termination of License Agreement between Carrefour and AEON]." ([https://web.archive.org/web/20131016070553/http://www.aeon.info/export/sites/renewal/common/images/en/pressroom/imgsrc/100115R.pdf Archive]) ''[[AEON (company)|Aeon]]''. 15 January 2010. Retrieved on 13 October 2013.</ref> 
* Kazakhstan – In the summer of 2017, the one and only Carrefour hypermarket closed down in [[Almaty]] as a result of the loss of value of the [[Tenge]] currency.
* Malaysia – Carrefour entered Malaysia in 1994 and sold its 26 hypermarkets to [[AEON Group]] in November 2012.<ref name="Aeon">{{cite web |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/business/2012/11/01/carrefour-malaysia-sold-to-aeon/ |title=Carrefour Malaysia sold to AEON (1 November 2012) |access-date=13 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113083456/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/business/2012/11/01/carrefour-malaysia-sold-to-aeon/ |archive-date=13 November 2014 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> The hypermarkets was rebranded as AEON BIG, and operates with an orange logo, compared to the magenta logo used by its parent company and existing JUSCO stores in the country. The outlets in Kota Damansara and Jalan Ipoh were the first to be changed from Carrefour to AEON BIG;<ref>{{cite news|title=Carrefour Supermarkets To Be Rebranded|url=http://www.commercialasia.com/news/7986/malaysia-carrefour-supermarkets-to-be-rebranded|access-date=16 March 2016|publisher=CommercialAsia.com|date=18 January 2013|ref=Aeon Big|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321210348/http://www.commercialasia.com/news/7986/malaysia-carrefour-supermarkets-to-be-rebranded|archive-date=21 March 2016}}</ref>
* Mexico – In March 2005, Carrefour sold its 29 hypermarkets in Mexico to [[Chedraui]]. Carrefour opened its first store in 1994 in Mexico;
*North Macedonia – In October 2012, Carrefour opened its first store in [[Skopje]]. The store was part of the brand City Mall that opened the same day in Skopje. By the end of summer 2014, there were plans to open the second store in [[Tetovo]]. Carrefour shut down operations in North Macedonia because of debt.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tocka.com.mk/1/185522/poradi-dolgovi-zatvoren-kerfur-vo-siti-mol |title=Поради долгови затворен "Керфур" во Сити Мол?! |trans-title="Carrefour" closed in City Mall due to debts ?! |date=5 February 2016|website=tocka.com.mk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207233630/http://tocka.com.mk/1/185522/poradi-dolgovi-zatvoren-kerfur-vo-siti-mol |archive-date=7 February 2016}}</ref>
*Jordan – Carrefour started its operations in Jordan in 2006 under Majid Al Futtaim, becoming a prominent retailer with multiple outlets across the country. Known for its diverse product range and affordability. However, Carrefour announced its closure in Jordan, citing challenges such as increasing competition, changing market dynamics, and a strategic decision to optimize operations in the region. Despite its closure, Carrefour continues to thrive in neighboring countries under Majid Al Futtaim's management. Carrefour closed down all its operating units from 4 November 2024. It was rebranded as HyperMax.
*Oman – Carrefour started its operations in Oman in 2001 under Majid Al Futtaim, becoming a prominent retailer with multiple outlets across the country. Known for its diverse product range and affordability, it served Omani shoppers for over two decades. However, in late 2024, Carrefour announced its closure in Oman, citing challenges such as increasing competition, changing market dynamics, and a strategic decision to optimize operations in the region. Despite its closure, Carrefour continues to thrive in neighboring countries under Majid Al Futtaim's management. Carrefour closed down all its operating units from 7 January 2025.  It was rebranded as HyperMax.
* Portugal – Carrefour entered Portugal by buying its first stores in 1991 – two [[Euromarché]] hypermarkets in Telheiras (a neighbourhood of [[Lisbon]]) and [[Vila Nova de Gaia]]. In July 2007 Carrefour sold all of its 12 hypermarkets and 9 fuel stations to [[Sonae]] for €662&nbsp; million. Also included were 11 licenses for opening new commercial spaces. Currently, only 365 hard-discount supermarkets such as [[Minipreço]] are supported by Carrefour in Portugal, not included in the takeover.
* Russia – Carrefour entered the Russian market in the summer of 2009. In October 2009, only a month after it opened its second hypermarket in the country, Carrefour announced it was exiting Russia.
* Singapore – In 2012, Carrefour's stores were primarily replaced by [[Cold Storage (supermarket)|Cold Storage]].
* Slovakia – In 2018, Carrefour pulled out of the Slovak market, after 17 years of operation in the country.<ref>"[https://www.esmmagazine.com/carrefour-slovakia-ends-operations/55217]." esmmagazine.com. Retrieved on 3 February 2018. "Carrefour Exits Slovakian Market, Closing Final Bratislava Store."</ref>
* South Korea – Carrefour entered the Korean market in 1996 with their first store in [[Bucheon]] and operated 32 stores across the country at its peak in its final year, 2006. Carrefour was confident they would dominate the market, and by 1999 invested a total of US$925 million into the Korean venture – more than any other foreign company in the Korean market at that time. Carrefour Korea enjoyed mediating success initially, gaining traction for unseen low prices and standing above its competitors, but the rise quickly ended when the [[Asian Financial Crisis]] struck South Korea in late 1997. Carrefour's reputation suffered a blow when they were exposed smuggling real estate in South Korea to international recipients. Alongside the reluctance of people spending in the midst of the financial crisis, boycotts ensued, beginning Carrefour's eventual demise. Complaints of Carrefour Korea's poor service quality grew, citing pushing products unfit for the Korean market and significantly soured relationships between the executives and the labour unions. With the company's attitude becoming reckless to its clients and suppliers, clients would boycott again while suppliers began refusing association with Carrefour Korea. With the company stained with controversial negativity, Carrefour Korea sold all their stores to [[E-Land]] and exited the Korean market in April 2006. Shortly after, E-Land sold their supermarket asset to [[Homeplus]], recognized as Carrefour Korea's spiritual successor.<ref>{{cite web|title=[브랜드흥망사] '까르푸' 기억하세요? 한국에서 실패한 글로벌 유통 공룡|url=https://it.donga.com/28417/|access-date=26 November 2018|website=it dongA|publisher=김영우}}</ref>
* Switzerland – In August 2007 Carrefour sold its 12 hypermarkets in Switzerland to Swiss retailer [[Coop (Switzerland)|Coop]] for $390&nbsp; million;<ref>{{cite news|last=Kar |first=Sudip |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/innovationNews/idUSL2156542620070821 |title=Carrefour sell its hypermarkets to Swiss retailer Coop for $390&nbsp; million |work=Reuters |date=21 August 2007 |access-date=19 April 2011}}</ref>
* Syria – Carrefour previously opened a store in [[Shahba Mall]] in [[Aleppo]] in 2009<ref>{{cite news|date=2008-11-18|title=Commerce: Virgin and Carrefour in Syria From 2009|url=https://gatesofvienna.net/2008/11/|work=[[Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata]]|access-date= 2020-06-22}}</ref> and operated until the mall was destroyed during the [[Syrian Civil War]] on 16 October 2014 when the mall was destroyed and permanently closed.<ref>{{cite news|date= 2014-10-17| title= A general view shows damage at Shahba Mall, which was targeted by what activists said were airstrikes by forces loyal to Syria's President Bashar al-Assad in the northern Aleppo countryside|url= https://news.trust.org/item/20141017092507-6wfs6| agency=[[Reuters]]|access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref>
* Thailand – Carrefour's business in Thailand was sold to [[Big C]] Supercenter Public Company Limited, the owner of Big C hypermarket stores in Thailand ran by [[Groupe Casino]] at the time, due to complaints. The transaction was completed in March 2011 with the Suwinthawong branch being the first store converted from Carrefour to Big C.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bigc.co.th/en/news/id/2289/ |title=Acquisition of Carrefour's operations in Thailand: a major strategic step towards market leadership « Big C Supercenter |publisher=Bigc.co.th |access-date=19 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625115451/http://bigc.co.th/en/news/id/2289/ |archive-date=25 June 2011  }}</ref> Carrefour entered the Thai market in 1995 under [[Central Group]] joint venture stakes and opened their first branch in the following year.
* United Kingdom – Carrefour opened the first of several hypermarkets in the UK in September 1972 in [[Caerphilly]], [[South Wales]], in a joint partnership with a UK company Wheatsheaf and Distribution & Trading Ltd, followed by stores at the [[Telford Centre]], [[Chandler's Ford]], [[Minworth]], [[Patchway]] and [[Swindon]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=ITV|first1=ITV|title=Remember the Caerphilly Carrefour? This was the reaction to the first 'hypermarket' in 1972|url=http://www.itv.com/news/wales/2015-03-05/remember-the-caerphilly-carrefour-this-is-how-people-reacted-to-the-first-hypermarket-in-1972/|website=ITV, News|publisher=ITV Plc.|access-date=20 February 2017}}</ref> The [[Somerfield|Dee Corporation]] later acquired the stores in the early 1980s; they continued to trade under the Carrefour name, while some other existing smaller sites were rebranded as Carrefour. In the 1980s, new stores were opened at the [[MetroCentre (shopping centre)|MetroCentre]] in Tyne and Wear, and the [[Merry Hill Shopping Centre]] in the West Midlands, before being rebranded under the now-defunct [[Gateway (UK retailer)|Gateway]] chain in 1988.  In 1990, the stores were sold to [[Asda]].  The initial Caerphilly store was redeveloped in the 1990s; however, the original 1970s hypermarkets at Chandler's Ford, Minworth and Patchway ([[Cribbs Causeway]]) still exist as large Asda Supercentres.<ref>{{cite web|title=Another High Street Rebrand – Page 57 – Metropol| date=24 July 2007 |url=http://www.metropol247.co.uk/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=4307&start=616|access-date=30 July 2015|publisher=Metropol247.co.uk}}</ref> Since July 2011, online supermarket [[Ocado]] has sold a range of Carrefour products in the UK.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Baker|first1=Rosie|date=27 June 2011|title=Ocado partners with French supermarket Carrefour|url=https://www.marketingweek.com/ocado-partners-with-french-supermarket-carrefour/|access-date=15 November 2020|website=[[Marketing Week]]}}</ref>
* United States – Carrefour opened its first hypermarket in the United States in [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania, in March 1988, across from the Franklin Mills shopping mall (now [[Philadelphia Mills]]). Despite the large selection, the store was generally derided for its poor conditions, and most of the time, many of the 61 checkout lanes in the store were deserted. In 1992, another location opened in [[Voorhees Township, New Jersey]]. Both stores closed because of financial debt in 1993. The Voorhees store was broken up into many smaller stores, while the Philadelphia location became a [[Walmart]] and a [[Dick's Sporting Goods]].
* Uzbekistan - Carrefour previously opened hypermarkets in Uzbekistan on 2021, which were franchised by Majid Al-Futtaim, however all stores in Uzbekistan closed in 2023.
* Vietnam – Carrefour had two stores at [[Ho Chi Minh City]] until 2004. The stores were later converted into [[Lotte Mart]] branches.