Editing Cardiac arrest (section)

=== Special considerations ===

Hemodialysis patients carry a greater risk of cardiac arrest events. Multiple factors contribute including increased cardiovascular risk factors, electrolyte disturbances (calcium and potassium, caused by accumulation and aggressive removal), and acid-base disturbances.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Makar MS, Pun PH | title = Sudden Cardiac Death Among Hemodialysis Patients | journal = American Journal of Kidney Diseases | volume = 69 | issue = 5 | pages = 684–695 | date = May 2017 | pmid = 28223004 | pmc = 5457912 | doi = 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.12.006 }}</ref> Calcium levels are considered a key factor contributing to cardiac arrests in this population.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kim ED, Parekh RS | title = Calcium and Sudden Cardiac Death in End-Stage Renal Disease | journal = Seminars in Dialysis | volume = 28 | issue = 6 | pages = 624–635 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26257009 | doi = 10.1111/sdi.12419 | s2cid = 5503149 }}</ref>

[[Tricyclic antidepressant overdose|Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose]] can lead to cardiac arrest with typical ECG findings including wide QRS and prolonged QTc. Treatment for this condition includes [[Activated carbon|activated charcoal]] and sodium bicarbonate.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Woolf AD, Erdman AR, Nelson LS, Caravati EM, Cobaugh DJ, Booze LL, Wax PM, Manoguerra AS, Scharman EJ, Olson KR, Chyka PA, Christianson G, Troutman WG | display-authors = 6 | title = Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management | journal = Clinical Toxicology | volume = 45 | issue = 3 | pages = 203–233 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17453872 | doi = 10.1080/15563650701226192 }}</ref>

Magnesium can be given at a does of 2 g (iv or oral bolus) to manage [[Torsades de pointes|torsades de points]]. However, without specific indication, magnesium is not generally given in cardiac arrest.<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Ludwin K, Smereka J, Jaguszewski MJ, Filipiak KJ, Ladny JR, Szarpak L, Wozniak S, Evrin T |date=2020-10-28 |title=Place of magnesium sulfate in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://journals.viamedica.pl/disaster_and_emergency_medicine/article/view/70952 |journal=Disaster and Emergency Medicine Journal |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=182–189 |doi=10.5603/DEMJ.a2020.0041 |issn=2543-5957|doi-access=free }}</ref> In people with a confirmed [[pulmonary embolism]] as the cause of arrest, [[thrombolytics]] may be of benefit.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Perrott J, Henneberry RJ, Zed PJ | title = Thrombolytics for cardiac arrest: case report and systematic review of controlled trials | journal = The Annals of Pharmacotherapy | volume = 44 | issue = 12 | pages = 2007–2013 | date = December 2010 | pmid = 21119096 | doi = 10.1345/aph.1P364 | s2cid = 11006778 }}</ref><ref name="Lavonas-2015" /> Evidence for use of [[naloxone]] in those with cardiac arrest due to [[opioid]]s is unclear, but it may still be used.<ref name="Lavonas-2015" /> In people with cardiac arrest due to a local anesthetic, [[lipid emulsion]] may be used.<ref name="Lavonas-2015" />