Editing Brown bear (section)

===Attacks on humans===
{{Main|Bear attack}}
{{See also|Bear danger}}
<!--[[File:Papyrus_Oxyrhychus_2470_-_British_Library_papyrus_3053_-_illumination_-_bear.png|thumb|Ancient depiction of a brown bear in the arena ([[Papyrus 3053]])]]-->
[[File:Sankebetsu BrownBear01.png|thumb|A statue of the Ussuri brown bear from Hokkaido, Japan|alt=A statue of a roaring bear looking over a fence|left]]

Brown bears usually avoid areas where extensive development or urbanization has occurred.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Woodroffe, R. |title=Predators and people: Using human densities to interpret declines of large carnivores |journal=Animal Conservation |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=165 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1795.2000.tb00241.x |url=http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/W/Woodroffe_2000_Human_density_and_carnivore_declines.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/W/Woodroffe_2000_Human_density_and_carnivore_declines.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |year=2000|bibcode=2000AnCon...3..165W |s2cid=84430290 }}</ref> They usually avoid people and rarely attack on sight.<ref name="Kistchinski">{{cite journal |author=Kistchinski, A. A. |title='Life history of the brown bear (''Ursus arctos'' L.) in north-east Siberia |journal=Bears: Their Biology and Management |volume=2 |pages=67–73 |doi=10.2307/3872570 |jstor=3872570 |year=1972}}</ref> They are, however, unpredictable in temperament, and may attack if threatened or surprised.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Herrero |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISBN158574557X |title=Bear Attacks: Their Causes and Avoidance |date=2002 |publisher=Globe Pequot Press |isbn=978-1-58574-557-9 |pages=10–25 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mothers defending cubs are the most prone to attacking, being responsible for 70% of brown bear-caused human fatalities in North America.<ref>{{citation |last=Rogers |first=Lynn L. |url=http://www.bear.org/Black/Articles/How_Dangerous_are_Black_Bears.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021016041143/http://www.bear.org/Black/Articles/How_Dangerous_are_Black_Bears.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2002 |title=How Dangerous are Black Bears |publisher=Bear.org}}</ref> Attacks tend to result in serious injury and, in some cases, death.<ref name=":0" /> Due to the bears' enormous physical strength, a single bite or swipe can be deadly.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=12676309 |year=2003 |last1=Cardall |first1=T. Y. |title=Grizzly bear attack |journal=The Journal of Emergency Medicine |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=331–333 |last2=Rosen |first2=P. |doi=10.1016/s0736-4679(03)00004-0}}</ref> Violent encounters with brown bears usually last a few minutes, though they can be prolonged if the victims fight back.<ref name=":0" />

A study conducted in 2019 found that 664 bear attacks were reported during a 15-year period (2000{{endash}}2015) throughout North America and Eurasia. There were 568 injuries and 95 fatalities.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Bombieri |first1=G. |last2=Naves |first2=J. |last3=Penteriani |first3=V. |last4=Selva |first4=N. |last5=Fernández-Gil |first5=A. |last6=López-Bao |first6=J. V. |last7=Ambarli |first7=H. |last8=Bautista |first8=C. |last9=Bespalova |first9=T. |last10=Bobrov |first10=V. |last11=Bolshakov |first11=V. |last12=Bondarchuk |first12=S. |last13=Camarra |first13=J. J. |last14=Chiriac |first14=S. |last15=Ciucci |first15=P. |date=2019-06-12 |title=Brown bear attacks on humans: a worldwide perspective |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=8573 |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-44341-w |pmid=31189927 |pmc=6562097 |bibcode=2019NatSR...9.8573B |issn=2045-2322}}</ref> Around 10 people a year are killed by brown bears in Russia, more than all the other parts of the brown bear's range combined.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dinets |first=Vladimir |url=http://dinets.travel.ru/russianbears.htm |title=Brown Bears of Russia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215051532/http://dinets.travel.ru/russianbears.htm|archive-date=15 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In Japan, a large brown bear nicknamed ''Kesagake'' ("[[Kasaya (clothing)#Kesa in Japanese Buddhism|kesa]]-style slasher") caused the [[Sankebetsu brown bear incident|worst brown bear attack in Japanese history]] in [[Tomamae, Hokkaido]], during numerous encounters during December 1915. It killed seven people and wounded three others before being gunned down during a large-scale beast-hunt.<ref>{{cite book|author=Dickman, A. J. |author2=Hazzah, L. |year=2016|chapter=Money, Myths and Man-Eaters: Complexities of Human–Wildlife Conflict|title=Problematic Wildlife |pages=339–356|publisher= Springer|isbn=978-3-319-22246-2 }}</ref> A study by U.S. and Canadian researchers has found [[bear spray]] to be more effective at stopping aggressive bear behavior than guns, working in 92% of studied incidents, versus 67% for guns.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bear.org/website/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=202&Itemid=123 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101181640/http://www.bear.org/website/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=202&Itemid=123 |archive-date=1 January 2011 |title=Spray more effective than guns against bears: study |publisher=North American Bear Center |author1=Smith, Herrero |author2=DeBruyn, Wilde |year=2008}}</ref>