Editing Brit milah (section)

== Reform Judaism ==
The Reform societies established in Frankfurt and Berlin regarded circumcision as barbaric and wished to abolish it. However, while prominent rabbis such as [[Abraham Geiger]] believed the ritual to be barbaric and outdated, they refrained from instituting any change in this matter. In 1843, when a father in Frankfurt refused to circumcise his son, rabbis of all shades in Germany stated it was mandated by Jewish law; even [[Samuel Holdheim]] affirmed this.<ref name="A">Judith Bleich, "The Circumcision Controversy in Classical Reform in Historical Context", KTAV Publishing House, 2007. pp. 1–28.</ref> By 1871, Reform rabbinic leadership in Germany reasserted "the supreme importance of circumcision in Judaism", while affirming the traditional viewpoint that non-circumcised Jews are Jews nonetheless. Although the issue of circumcision of converts continues to be debated, the necessity of ''brit milahmm for Jewish infant boys has been stressed in every subsequent Reform rabbis manual or guide.<ref>{{Cite web
 |url         = http://data.ccarnet.org/cgi-bin/respdisp.pl?file=54&year=arr
 |title       = Circumcision of Infants
 |access-date  = 2010-09-12
 |year        = 1982
 |publisher   = [[Central Conference of American Rabbis]]
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120315231116/http://data.ccarnet.org/cgi-bin/respdisp.pl?file=54&year=arr
 |archive-date = 2012-03-15
}}</ref> While the Reform movement does not require the circumcision of adult male converts, it is increasingly acknowledged and practiced by many Reform communities as an important part of the conversion process.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reformjudaism.org/beliefs-practices/lifecycle-rituals/birth-rituals/brit-milah-circumcision-ritual |title=B'rit Milah: The Circumcision Ritual |work=Reform Judaism |publisher=[[Union for Reform Judaism]] |accessdate=2023-09-16}}</ref> Since 1984 [[Reform Judaism]] has trained and certified over 300 of their own practicing ''[[mohel|mohalim]]'' in this ritual.<ref>{{Cite news
 |url        = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F07E6DC1639F93BA15755C0A9679C8B63
 |archive-url = https://archive.today/20130130104343/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F07E6DC1639F93BA15755C0A9679C8B63
 |url-status   = dead
 |archive-date = January 30, 2013
 |title      = Reform Rabbis' Vote Reflects Expanding Interest in Rituals
 |access-date = 2007-10-03
 |last       = Niebuhr
 |first      = Gustav
 |date       = June 28, 2001
 |newspaper  = [[The New York Times]]
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
 |url         = http://beritmila.org/
 |title       = Berit Mila Program of Reform Judaism
 |access-date  = 2010-01-23
 |year        = 2010
 |publisher   = National Association of American Mohalim
 |url-status  = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20131007073323/http://beritmila.org/
 |archive-date = 2013-10-07
}}</ref> By 2001, the [[Central Conference of American Rabbis]] began to recommend that male converts who are already circumcised undergo ''hatafat dam brit''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reformjudaism.org/beliefs-practices/lifecycle-rituals/conversion/reimagining-mikveh |title=Reimagining the Mikveh |publisher=[[ReformJudaism.org]] |accessdate=2024-03-26}}</ref>