Editing Blood pressure (section)

==Measurement==
{{Main|Blood pressure measurement}}
[[File:Blood Pressure - Take Another Person.png|thumb|Taking blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer]]
[[File:blood pressure measurement principle.svg|thumb|Measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressure using a mercury sphygmomanometer]]
Arterial pressure is most commonly measured via a [[sphygmomanometer]], which uses the height of a column of mercury, or an [[aneroid gauge]], to reflect the blood pressure by auscultation.<ref name='Booth1977'>{{cite journal | vauthors = Booth J | title = A short history of blood pressure measurement | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine | volume = 70 | issue = 11 | pages = 793–799 | date = November 1977 | pmid = 341169 | pmc = 1543468 | doi = 10.1177/003591577707001112 }}</ref> The most common automated blood pressure measurement technique is based on the [[Blood pressure measurement#Oscillometric|oscillometric]] method.<ref name=For2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Forouzanfar M, Dajani HR, Groza VZ, Bolic M, Rajan S, Batkin I | title = Oscillometric Blood Pressure Estimation: Past, Present, and Future | journal = IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering | volume = 8 | pages = 44–63 | date = 2015-01-01 | pmid = 25993705 | doi = 10.1109/RBME.2015.2434215 | s2cid = 8940215 }}</ref> Fully automated oscillometric measurement has been available since 1981.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US4427013A/en?q=donald&q=nunn&oq=donald+nunn|title=Apparatus and method for measuring blood pressure|via=Google patents|access-date=2019-01-12|archive-date=2022-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026151549/https://patents.google.com/patent/US4427013A/en?q=donald&q=nunn&oq=donald+nunn|url-status=live}}</ref> This principle has recently been used to measure blood pressure with a smartphone.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chandrasekhar A, Kim CS, Naji M, Natarajan K, Hahn JO, Mukkamala R | title = Smartphone-based blood pressure monitoring via the oscillometric finger-pressing method | journal = Science Translational Medicine | volume = 10 | issue = 431 | pages = eaap8674 | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29515001 | pmc = 6039119 | doi = 10.1126/scitranslmed.aap8674 }}</ref> Measuring pressure [[Invasive blood pressure|invasively]], by penetrating the arterial wall to take the measurement, is much less common and usually restricted to a hospital setting. Novel methods to measure blood pressure without penetrating the arterial wall, and without applying any pressure on patient's body are being explored,<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Solà J, Delgado-Gonzalo R |title=The Handbook of Cuffless Blood Pressure Monitoring |date=2019 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-030-24701-0 |url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030247003 |access-date=2020-01-29 |archive-date=2021-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617182758/https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030247003 |url-status=live }}</ref> for example, cuffless measurements that uses only optical sensors.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sola J, Bertschi M, Krauss J | title = Measuring Pressure: Introducing oBPM, the Optical Revolution for Blood Pressure Monitoring | journal = IEEE Pulse | volume = 9 | issue = 5 | pages = 31–33 | date = September 2018 | pmid = 30273141 | doi = 10.1109/MPUL.2018.2856960 | s2cid = 52893219 }}</ref>

In office blood pressure measurement, [[terminal digit preference]] is common. According to one study, approximately 40% of recorded measurements ended with the digit zero, whereas "without bias, 10%–20% of measurements are expected to end in zero"<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Foti KE, Appel LJ, Matsushita K, Coresh J, Alexander GC, Selvin E | title = Digit Preference in Office Blood Pressure Measurements, United States 2015-2019 | journal = American Journal of Hypertension | volume = 34 | issue = 5 | pages = 521–530 | date = May 2021 | pmid = 33246327 | pmc = 8628654 | doi = 10.1093/ajh/hpaa196 | author-link4 = Josef Coresh }}</ref>