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=== Anthropogenic biomes === {{further|Anthropogenic biome}} {{multiple image | total_width = | align = center | direction = horizontal | background color = | width = | height = | image1 = Anthropogenic Biomes of the World, Version 2, 1800 Global (13603332645).jpg | alt1 = | image2 = Anthropogenic Biomes of the World, Version 2, 1900 Global (13603726573).jpg | alt2 = | image3 = Anthropogenic Biomes of the World, Version 2, 2000 Global (13603947015).jpg | alt3 = | footer_background = | footer_align = center | footer = Anthropogenic biomes have grown dramatically in the past few centuries}} Humans have altered global patterns of [[biodiversity]] and [[ecosystem]] processes. As a result, vegetation forms predicted by conventional biome systems can no longer be observed across much of Earth's land surface as they have been replaced by crops and rangelands or cities. [[Anthropogenic biomes]] provide an alternative view of the terrestrial biosphere based on global patterns of sustained direct human interaction with ecosystems, including [[agriculture]], [[human settlement]]s, [[urbanization]], [[forestry]] and other [[land use|uses of land]]. Anthropogenic biomes offer a way to recognize the irreversible coupling of human and ecological systems at global scales and manage Earth's biosphere and anthropogenic biomes. [[File:Land cover IGBP.png|thumb|upright 2.22 |<small>Similarities can be seen between the 14 terrestrial bioregions of Olson & Dinerstein et al. and the 17 [[land cover]] classes of the [[International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme]], "which includes 11 natural vegetation classes, 3 developed and mosaicked land classes, and 3 non-vegetated land classes", as detected by satellites.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MCD12C1/ | title=MODIS/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG β LAADS DAAC }}</ref> {{columns-start|num=2}} {{Legend|#000080|[[Water]]}} {{Legend|#008000|[[Evergreen]] [[Coniferous forest|Needleleaf forest]]}} {{Legend|#00FF00|Evergreen [[Broadleaf forest]]}} {{Legend|#99CC00|[[Deciduous]] Needleleaf Forest}} {{Legend|#99FF99|Deciduous Broadleaf Forest}} {{Legend|#339966|[[Mixed Forest]]}} {{Legend|#993366|Closed [[Shrubland]]}} {{Legend|#FFCC99|Open Shrubland}} {{Legend|#CCFFCC|Woody [[Savannas]]}} {{column}} {{Legend|#FFCC00|Savannas}} {{Legend|#FF9900|[[Grasslands]]}} {{Legend|#006699|Permanent [[Wetlands]]}} {{Legend|#FFFF00|[[Croplands]]}} {{Legend|#FF0000|[[Urban area|Urban]] and Built-Up}} {{Legend|#999966|Cropland/Natural Vegetation Mosaic}} {{Legend|#FFFFFF|[[Snow]] and [[Ice]]}} {{Legend|#808080|[[Barren vegetation|Barren]] or Sparsely Vegetated}} {{columns-end}} </small> ]] Major anthropogenic biomes: * Dense settlements * [[Cropland]]s * [[Rangeland]]s * Forested * Indoor<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/19/science/the-next-frontier-the-great-indoors.html?ref=science |title=The Next Frontier: The Great Indoors |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |date=March 19, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2021-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614024514/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/19/science/the-next-frontier-the-great-indoors.html?ref=science |archive-date=June 14, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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