Editing Art Nouveau (section)

===''Modernismo'' and ''Modernisme'' in Spain===
{{Main|Modernisme|Valencian Art Nouveau}}
<gallery mode="packed" heights="180px">
File:El Capricho Gaudí 02.jpg|[[El Capricho|El Capricho de Gaudí]] in [[Comillas]], [[Cantabria]], by [[Antoni Gaudí]] (1883–1885)
File:Σαγράδα Φαμίλια 2941.jpg|[[Sagrada Família]] basilica in [[Barcelona]] by Gaudí (1883–)
File:17-12-03-Hospital de Sant Pau (BCN) Pavelló de Sant Rafael-RalfR-DSCF0580.jpg|[[Hospital de Sant Pau]] by [[Lluis Domenech i Montaner]] (1901–1930)
File:Gaudi Casa Batllo 02.jpg|[[Trencadís]] façade of [[Casa Batlló]] in Barcelona by Gaudí and [[Josep Maria Jujol]] (1904–1906)
File:Casa Milà, general view.jpg|[[Casa Milà]] in Barcelona by Gaudí (1906–1912)<ref name="mila">[https://www.lapedrera.com/en/la-pedrera/chronology Chronology] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190725071759/http://www.lapedrera.com/en/la-pedrera/chronology |date=25 July 2019}} - Official website of Casa Milà</ref>
File:PiC-casaTerrades-RI 51 0004201-0002.jpg|[[Casa de les Punxes]] in Barcelona by [[Josep Puig i Cadafalch]] (1905)
File:Casa Gallardo.jpg|[[House of Gallardo|Casa Gallardo]] in [[Madrid]] by Federico Arias Rey (1911–1914)
File:Santuario Novelda.jpg|{{Interlanguage link|Sanctuary of Maria Magdalena|ca|Santuari de Santa Maria Magdalena}} in [[Novelda]], [[Valencian Community]] (1918–1946)
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A highly original variant of the style emerged in [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]], at about the same time that the Art Nouveau style appeared in Belgium and France. It was called {{lang|ca|[[Modernisme]]}} in Catalan and ''Modernismo'' in Spanish. Its most famous creator was [[Antoni Gaudí]]. Gaudí used floral and organic forms in a very novel way in ''[[Palau Güell]]'' (1886–1890). According to UNESCO, "the architecture of the park combined elements from the Arts and Crafts movement, Symbolism, Expressionism, and Rationalism, and presaged and influenced many forms and techniques of 20th-century Modernism."<ref>Citation of Parc Guell in UNESCO classification</ref><ref>James Grady, "Special Bibliographical Supplement: A Bibliography of the Art Nouveau", in ''The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'', vol. 14 (May 1955), pp. 18–27.</ref><ref>[https://palauguell.cat/en/cronologia Cronologia] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200919122152/https://www.palauguell.cat/en/cronologia |date=19 September 2020}} – Official website of Palau Güell</ref>
He integrated crafts as [[ceramic]]s, [[stained glass]], [[wrought iron]]work [[forging]] and [[carpentry]] into his architecture. In his [[Güell Pavilions]] (1884–1887) and then [[Parc Güell]] (1900–1914) he also used a new technique called ''[[trencadís]]'', which used waste ceramic pieces. His designs from about 1903, the ''[[Casa Batlló]]'' (1904–1906) and ''[[Casa Milà]]'' (1906–1912),<ref name="mila" /> are most closely related to the stylistic elements of Art Nouveau.<ref name="duncan52">Duncan (1994), p. 52.</ref> Later structures such as  ''[[Sagrada Família]]'' combined Art Nouveau elements with revivalist [[Neo-Gothic]].<ref name="duncan52" /> [[Casa Batlló]], [[Casa Milà]], [[Güell Pavilions]], and [[Parc Güell]] were results of his collaboration with [[Josep Maria Jujol]], who himself created houses in [[Sant Joan Despí]] (1913–1926), several churches near [[Tarragona]] (1918 and 1926) and the sinuous Casa Planells (1924) in [[Barcelona]].

Besides the dominating presence of Gaudí, [[Lluís Domènech i Montaner]] also used Art Nouveau in Barcelona in buildings such as the [[Castell dels Tres Dragons]] (1888), [[Casa Lleó Morera]], [[Palau de la Música Catalana]] (1905) and [[Hospital de Sant Pau]] (1901–1930).<ref name="duncan52" /> The two latter buildings have been listed by [[UNESCO]] as [[World Cultural Heritage]].<ref name="montaner">{{cite web |url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/804/multiple=1&unique_number=950 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220106053844/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/804/multiple%3D1%26unique_number%3D950 |archive-date=6 January 2022 |title=World Heritage List: Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=19 March 2022}}</ref>

Another major modernista was [[Josep Puig i Cadafalch]], who designed the [[Casa Martí]] and its {{Lang|ca|[[Els Quatre Gats]]|italic=no}} café, the Casimir Casaramona textile factory (now the [[CaixaForum Barcelona|CaixaFòrum]] art museum), Casa Macaya, [[Casa Amatller]], the Palau del Baró de Quadras (housing Casa Àsia for 10 years until 2013) and the {{lang|es|italic=unset|[[Casa de les Punxes]]}} ('House of Spikes').

A [[Valencian Art Nouveau|distinctive Art Nouveau movement]] was also in the [[Valencian Community]]. Some of the notable architects were Demetrio Ribes Marco, [[Vicente Pascual Pastor]], [[Timoteo Briet Montaud]], and [[José María Manuel Cortina Pérez]]. Valencian Art Nouveau defining characteristics are a notable use of ceramics in decoration, both in the façade and in ornamentation, and also the use of Valencian regional motives.

Another remarkable variant is the [[Art Nouveau in Madrid|Madrilenian Art Nouveau]] or {{lang|es|Modernismo madrileño}}, with such notable buildings as the [[Longoria Palace]], the [[Casino de Madrid]] or the [[Cementerio de la Almudena]], among others. Renowned modernistas from Madrid were architects [[José López Sallaberry]], [[Fernando Arbós y Tremanti]] and {{ill|Francisco Andrés Octavio|es}}.

{{see also|Art Nouveau in Alcoy}}
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File:Ramon Casas - Ramon Casas and Pere Romeu on a Tandem - Google Art Project.jpg|[[Ramon Casas and Pere Romeu on a Tandem]] by [[Ramon Casas]] (1897)
File:El Petó Perdut. Lambert Escaler i Milà.JPG|Sculpture of polychrome terracota by {{Interlanguage link|Lambert Escaler|ca}} (1902)
File:140 La sardana, plafó de marqueteria de Gaspar Homar.jpg|Furniture by {{Interlanguage link|Gaspar Homar|ca}} (1903)
File:Gaudi-prie-dieu.jpg|[[Prie-dieu|Prie Dieu]], or prayer desk, designed by [[Antoni Gaudí]] for [[Casa Batlló]] (1904–1906)
File:Palau de la Música Catalana-1.jpg|Stained glass ceiling of [[Palau de la Música Catalana]] by Antoni Rigalt (1905–1908)
File:Detall dels vitralls del palau de l'Exposició de València.jpg|Window of the Palace of the Valencian Regional Exposition, in [[Valencia]] (1908)
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The {{lang|ca|[[Modernisme]]}} movement left a wide art heritage including drawings, paintings, sculptures, glass and metal work, mosaics, ceramics, and furniture. A part of it can be found in [[Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya]].

Inspired by a Paris café called [[Le Chat Noir]], where he had previously worked, {{Interlanguage link|Pere Romeu i Borràs|ca}} decided to open a café in Barcelona that was named {{Lang|ca|[[Els Quatre Gats]]}} (Four Cats in Catalan).<ref>{{Cite book |title=Els Quarte Gats: Art in Barcelona Around 1900 |last=McCully |first=Marilyn |publisher=Princeton University Press |date=1978 |page=64}}</ref> The café became a central meeting point for Barcelona's most prominent figures of ''Modernisme'', such as [[Pablo Picasso]] and [[Ramon Casas i Carbó]] who helped to promote the movement by his posters and postcards. For the café he created a picture called [[Ramon Casas and Pere Romeu on a Tandem]] that was replaced with his another composition entitled [[Ramon Casas and Pere Romeu in an Automobile]] in 1901, symbolizing the new century.

[[Antoni Gaudí]] designed furniture for many of the houses he built; one example is an armchair called the [[Confidant from the Batlló House|for the Battle House]]. He influenced another notable Catalan furniture designer, {{Interlanguage link|Gaspar Homar|ca}} (1870–1953) who often combined marquetry and mosaics with his furnishings.{{Sfn|Riley|2004|p=311}}