Editing Anxiety disorder (section)

==Epidemiology==
Globally, as of 2010, approximately 273&nbsp;million (4.5% of the population) had an anxiety disorder.<ref name=LancetEpi2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, Shibuya K, Salomon JA, Abdalla S, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Ackerman I, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Ali MK, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Bahalim AN, Barker-Collo S, Barrero LH, Bartels DH, Basáñez MG, Baxter A, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bernabé E, Bhalla K, Bhandari B, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Black JA, Blencowe H, Blore JD, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Bonaventure A, Boufous S, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Braithwaite T, Brayne C, Bridgett L, Brooker S, Brooks P, Brugha TS, Bryan-Hancock C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Buckle G, Budke CM, Burch M, Burney P, Burstein R, Calabria B, Campbell B, Canter CE, Carabin H, Carapetis J, Carmona L, Cella C, Charlson F, Chen H, Cheng AT, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahiya M, Dahodwala N, Damsere-Derry J, Danaei G, Davis A, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle R, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Derrett S, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dherani M, Diaz-Torne C, Dolk H, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Edmond K, Elbaz A, Ali SE, Erskine H, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ewoigbokhan SE, Farzadfar F, Feigin V, Felson DT, Ferrari A, Ferri CP, Fèvre EM, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Flood L, Foreman K, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Franklin R, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabbe BJ, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Ganatra HA, Garcia B, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gmel G, Gosselin R, Grainger R, Groeger J, Guillemin F, Gunnell D, Gupta R, Haagsma J, Hagan H, Halasa YA, Hall W, Haring D, Haro JM, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Higashi H, Hill C, Hoen B, Hoffman H, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Huang JJ, Ibeanusi SE, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jarvis D, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Jonas JB, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Keren A, Khoo JP, King CH, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Lalloo R, Laslett LL, Lathlean T, Leasher JL, Lee YY, Leigh J, Lim SS, Limb E, Lin JK, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Liu W, Loane M, Ohno SL, Lyons R, Ma J, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Manivannan S, Marcenes W, March L, Margolis DJ, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGill N, McGrath J, Medina-Mora ME, Meltzer M, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Meyer AC, Miglioli V, Miller M, Miller TR, Mitchell PB, Mocumbi AO, Moffitt TE, Mokdad AA, Monasta L, Montico M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moran A, Morawska L, Mori R, Murdoch ME, Mwaniki MK, Naidoo K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nelson PK, Nelson RG, Nevitt MC, Newton CR, Nolte S, Norman P, Norman R, O'Donnell M, O'Hanlon S, Olives C, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Page A, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Patten SB, Pearce N, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Phillips D, Phillips MR, Pierce K, Pion S, Polanczyk GV, Polinder S, Pope CA, Popova S, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Prince M, Pullan RL, Ramaiah KD, Ranganathan D, Razavi H, Regan M, Rehm JT, Rein DB, Remuzzi G, Richardson K, Rivara FP, Roberts T, Robinson C, De Leòn FR, Ronfani L, Room R, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Saha S, Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L, Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Scott JG, Segui-Gomez M, Shahraz S, Shepard DS, Shin H, Shivakoti R, Singh D, Singh GM, Singh JA, Singleton J, Sleet DA, Sliwa K, Smith E, Smith JL, Stapelberg NJ, Steer A, Steiner T, Stolk WA, Stovner LJ, Sudfeld C, Syed S, Tamburlini G, Tavakkoli M, Taylor HR, Taylor JA, Taylor WJ, Thomas B, Thomson WM, Thurston GD, Tleyjeh IM, Tonelli M, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Tsilimbaris MK, Ubeda C, Undurraga EA, van der Werf MJ, van Os J, Vavilala MS, Venketasubramanian N, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weatherall DJ, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Weisskopf MG, Weissman MM, White RA, Whiteford H, Wiersma ST, Wilkinson JD, Williams HC, Williams SR, Witt E, Wolfe F, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Yeh PH, Zaidi AK, Zheng ZJ, Zonies D, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA | title = Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2163–2196 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23245607 | pmc = 6350784 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2 }}</ref> It is more common in females (5.2%) than males (2.8%).<ref name=LancetEpi2012/> In Europe, Africa, and Asia, lifetime rates of anxiety disorders are between 9 and 16%, and yearly rates are between 4 and 7%.<ref name="Helen2010" /> In the United States, the lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders is about 29%,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE | title = Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication | journal = Archives of General Psychiatry | volume = 62 | issue = 6 | pages = 593–602 | date = June 2005 | pmid = 15939837 | doi = 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and between 11 and 18% of adults have the condition in a given year.<ref name="Helen2010">{{cite book | veditors = Simpson HB, Neria Y, Lewis-Fernández R, Schneier F |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511777578.004 |chapter=Evolving concepts of anxiety |title=Anxiety Disorders |year=2010 |pages=6–68 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-511-77757-8 }}</ref> 

This difference is affected by the range of ways in which different cultures interpret anxiety symptoms and what they consider to be normative behavior.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-394427-6.00006-6 |chapter=Social Anxiety and Social Anxiety Disorder Across Cultures |title=Social Anxiety |year=2014 | vauthors = Brockveld KC, Perini SJ, Rapee RM |pages=141–158 |isbn=978-0-12-394427-6 }}</ref><ref name="Hofmann2010">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hofmann SG, Anu Asnaani MA, Hinton DE | title = Cultural aspects in social anxiety and social anxiety disorder | journal = Depression and Anxiety | volume = 27 | issue = 12 | pages = 1117–1127 | date = December 2010 | pmid = 21132847 | pmc = 3075954 | doi = 10.1002/da.20759 }}</ref> In general, anxiety disorders represent the most prevalent psychiatric condition in the United States, outside of [[substance use disorder]].<ref name="nejm 2014 on generalized anxiety">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fricchione G | title = Clinical practice. Generalized anxiety disorder | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 351 | issue = 7 | pages = 675–682 | date = August 2004 | pmid = 15306669 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMcp022342 }}</ref> Like adults, children can experience anxiety disorders; between 10 and 20 percent of all children will develop a full-fledged anxiety disorder prior to the age of 18,<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Essau C |title=Child and Adolescent Psychopathology: Theoretical and Clinical Implications |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-58391-834-0 |page=79 }}</ref> making anxiety the most common mental health issue in young people. Anxiety disorders in children are often more challenging to identify than their adult counterparts, owing to the difficulty many parents face in discerning them from normal childhood fears. Likewise, anxiety in children is sometimes misdiagnosed as [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]], or, due to the tendency of children to interpret their emotions physically (as stomachaches, headaches, etc.), anxiety disorders may initially be confused with physical ailments.<ref name="GAD Children Anxiety Canada">{{cite web |title=Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children |url=https://www.anxietycanada.com/disorders/generalized-anxiety-disorder-in-children/ |website=Anxiety Canada }}</ref> Anxiety in children has a variety of causes; sometimes anxiety is rooted in biology and may be a product of another existing condition, such as [[autism spectrum disorder]].<ref>{{cite web| vauthors = Merrill A |title=Anxiety and Autism Spectrum Disorders|url=http://www.iidc.indiana.edu/?pageId=3616|website=Indiana Resource Center for Autism|access-date=10 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611094817/http://www.iidc.indiana.edu/?pageId=3616|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> Gifted children are also often more prone to excessive anxiety than non-gifted children.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Guignard JH, Jacquet AY, Lubart TI | title = Perfectionism and anxiety: a paradox in intellectual giftedness? | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 7 | pages = e41043 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22859964 | pmc = 3408483 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0041043 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2012PLoSO...741043G }}</ref> Other cases of anxiety arise from the child having experienced a traumatic event of some kind, and in some cases, the cause of the child's anxiety cannot be pinpointed.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rapee RM, Schniering CA, Hudson JL | title = Anxiety disorders during childhood and adolescence: origins and treatment | journal = Annual Review of Clinical Psychology | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 311–341 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 19152496 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153628 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Test trầm cảm |url=https://testtramcam.vn/ |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=Test Trầm Cảm Online |language=vi}}</ref> Anxiety in children tends to manifest along age-appropriate themes, such as fear of going to school (not related to bullying) or not performing well enough at school, fear of social rejection, fear of something happening to loved ones, etc. What separates disordered anxiety from normal childhood anxiety is the duration and intensity of the fears involved.<ref name="GAD Children Anxiety Canada" /> According to 2011 study, people who high in hypercompetitive traits are at increased risk of both anxiety and depression.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Swab |first1=R. Gabrielle |last2=Johnson |first2=Paul D. |title=Steel sharpens steel: A review of multilevel competition and competitiveness in organizations |journal=Journal of Organizational Behavior |date=February 2019 |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=147–165 |doi=10.1002/job.2340 }}</ref>