Editing Antisemitism in Christianity (section)

===Persecutions and expulsions===
[[File:Massaker von Lissabon.jpg|thumb|[[Lisbon Massacre]] in 1506]]
[[File:Expulsion judios-en.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|right|[[Expulsions and exoduses of Jews|Expulsions of Jews]] in Europe from 1100 to 1600]]

During the [[Middle Ages]] in [[Europe]] [[Persecution of Jews|persecutions]] and formal [[Expulsions and exoduses of Jews|expulsions]] of Jews were liable to occur at intervals, and this was also the case for other minority communities, regardless of whether they were religious or ethnic. There were particular outbursts of riotous persecution during the [[Rhineland massacres]] of 1096 in Germany, these massacres coincided with the lead-up to the [[First Crusade]], many of the killings were committed by the crusaders as they traveled to the East. There were many local expulsions from cities by local rulers and city councils. In Germany, the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] generally tried to restrain the persecution, if only for economic reasons, but it was frequently unable to exert much influence. In the [[Edict of Expulsion]], [[Edward I of England|King Edward I]] expelled all of the Jews from England in 1290 (after he collected ransom from 3,000 of the wealthiest Jews), based on the accusation that they were practicing [[usury]] and undermining loyalty to the dynasty. In 1306, there was a wave of persecution in France, and there were also widespread [[Black Death Jewish persecutions]] because many Christians accused the Jews of either causing or spreading the plague.<ref name="isbn0-7065-1327-4">{{cite book |title=Anti-Semitism |publisher=Keter Books |location=Jerusalem |year=1974 |isbn=9780706513271 }}</ref><ref name="Teacher's">{{cite web|title=Map of Jewish expulsions and resettlement areas in Europe|url=http://fcit.usf.edu/HOLOCAUST/gallery/expuls.htm|work=Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida|publisher=A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust|access-date=24 December 2012}}</ref> As late as 1519, the Imperial city of [[Regensburg]] took advantage of the recent death of [[Emperor Maximilian I]] to expel its 500 Jews.<ref>[[Christopher Wood (art historian)|Wood, Christopher]], ''Albrecht Altdorfer and the Origins of Landscape'', p. 251, 1993, Reaktion Books, London, {{ISBN|0948462469}}</ref>

"Officially, the medieval Catholic church never advocated the expulsion of all of the Jews from Christendom nor did it repudiate Augustine's doctrine of Jewish witness... Still, late medieval Christendom frequently ignored its mandates".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cohen|first=Jeremy|title=Review: Revisiting Augustine's Doctrine of Jewish Witness|journal=The Journal of Religion|volume=89|issue=4|date=October 2009|pages=396, 564–578|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|doi=10.1086/600873jstor=10.1086/600873|s2cid=170403439}}</ref>

====Expulsion of Jews from Spain====
{{Main|Alhambra Decree}}
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2014}}
The largest expulsion of Jews followed the [[Reconquista]] or the reunification of Spain, and it preceded the [[Expulsion of the Moriscos|expulsion of the Muslims]] who would not convert, despite the protection of their religious rights promised by the [[Treaty of Granada (1491)]].  On 31 March 1492 [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and [[Isabella I of Castile]], the rulers of [[Spain]] who financed [[Christopher Columbus]]' voyage to the New World just a few months later in 1492, declared that all Jews in their territories should either convert to Christianity or leave the country. While some converted, many others left for [[Portugal]], [[France]], [[Italy]] (including the [[Papal States]]), [[Netherlands]], [[Poland]], the [[Ottoman Empire]], and [[North Africa]]. Many of those who had fled to Portugal were later expelled by [[Manuel I of Portugal|King Manuel]] in 1497 or left to avoid forced conversion and [[Marranos|persecution]].