Editing Amine (section)

==Biological activity==
Amines are ubiquitous in biology. The breakdown of [[amino acid]]s releases amines, famously in the case of decaying fish which smell of [[trimethylamine]]. Many [[neurotransmitter]]s are amines, including [[epinephrine]], [[norepinephrine]], [[dopamine]], [[serotonin]], and [[histamine]]. [[Protonated]] [[amino group]]s ({{chem|–NH|3|+}}) are the most common positively charged moieties in [[protein]]s, specifically in the amino acid [[lysine]].<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1006/jmbi.1997.1498|title=Adaptation of protein surfaces to subcellular location|year=1998|last1=Andrade|first1=Miguel A.|last2=O'Donoghue|first2=Seán I.|last3=Rost|first3=Burkhard|journal=Journal of Molecular Biology|volume=276|issue=2|pages=517–25|pmid=9512720|citeseerx=10.1.1.32.3499}}</ref> The anionic polymer [[DNA]] is typically bound to various amine-rich proteins.<ref>{{Cite book|last1= Nelson|first1= D. L.|last2= Cox|first2= M. M.|title= Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry|edition= 3rd|publisher= Worth Publishing|location= New York|year= 2000|isbn= 1-57259-153-6|url-access= registration|url= https://archive.org/details/lehningerprincip01lehn}}</ref> Additionally, the terminal charged primary ammonium on lysine forms [[Salt bridge (protein and supramolecular)|salt bridges]] with [[carboxylate]] groups of other amino acids in [[polypeptide]]s, which is one of the primary influences on the three-dimensional structures of proteins.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1021/bi00483a001|title=Dominant forces in protein folding|year=1990|last1=Dill|first1=Ken A.|journal=Biochemistry|volume=29|issue=31|pages=7133–55|pmid=2207096|s2cid=30690389 }}</ref>

===Amine hormones===
[[Hormone]]s derived from the modification of amino acids are referred to as amine hormones. Typically, the original structure of the amino acid is modified such that a –COOH, or carboxyl, group is removed, whereas the {{chem|–NH|3|+}}, or amine, group remains. Amine hormones are synthesized from the amino acids [[tryptophan]] or [[tyrosine]].<ref name="Openstax Anatomy & Physiology attribution">{{CC-notice|cc=by4|url=https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/17-2-hormones}} {{cite book|last1=Betts|first1=J Gordon|last2=Desaix|first2=Peter|last3=Johnson|first3=Eddie|last4=Johnson|first4=Jody E|last5=Korol|first5=Oksana|last6=Kruse|first6=Dean|last7=Poe|first7=Brandon|last8=Wise|first8=James|last9=Womble|first9=Mark D|last10=Young|first10=Kelly A|title=Anatomy & Physiology|location=Houston|publisher=OpenStax CNX|isbn=978-1-947172-04-3|date=July 26, 2023|at=17.2 Hormones}}</ref>