Editing Amazon (company) (section)

==== Other ====
Other Amazon subsidiaries include:

* '''[[A9.com]]''', a company focused on researching and building innovative technology; it has been a subsidiary since 2003.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://blogs.pcworld.com/techlog/archives/002876.html|title=Amazon's A9 Search as We Knew It: Dead!|last=McCracken|first=Harry|date=September 29, 2006|magazine=[[PC World]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716052029/http://blogs.pcworld.com/techlog/archives/002876.html|archive-date=July 16, 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=September 6, 2012}}</ref> 
* [[Amazon Academy]], formerly JEE Ready, is an online learning platform for engineering students to prepare for competitive exams like the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE), launched by Amazon India on 13 January 2021
* '''Amazon Maritime''', Inc. holds a [[Federal Maritime Commission]] license to operate as a [[Freight forwarder|non-vessel-owning common carrier]] (NVOCC), which enables the company to manage its shipments from China into the United States.<ref>Steele, B., [https://www.engadget.com/2017/01/26/amazon-shipping-ocean-freight/ Amazon is now managing its own ocean freight] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129093941/https://www.engadget.com/2017/01/26/amazon-shipping-ocean-freight/ |date=January 29, 2017 }}, [[engadget.com]], January 27, 2017, accessed January 29, 2017</ref>
* '''[[Amazon Pharmacy]]''' is an online delivery service dedicated to prescription drugs, launched in November 2020. The service provides discounts up to 80% for generic drugs and up to 40% for branded drugs for Prime subscribe users. The products can be purchased on the company's website or at over 50,000 bricks-and-mortar pharmacies in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |author=Harry Dempsey |date=November 17, 2020 |title=Amazon launches online pharmacy in challenge to traditional retailers |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=https://www.ft.com/content/f45c4956-108f-4b69-b115-c73cfc55f0e3 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/f45c4956-108f-4b69-b115-c73cfc55f0e3 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |access-date=November 17, 2020}}</ref>
* '''[[Annapurna Labs]]''', an Israel-based microelectronics company reputedly for US$350–370M acquired by [[Amazon Web Services]] in January 2015 .<ref name="reut_Amaz">{{cite news |date=January 22, 2015 |title=Amazon to buy Israeli start-up Annapurna Labs |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-annapurna-m-a-amazon-com-idUSKBN0KV0SG20150122 |url-status=live |access-date=January 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915065319/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/22/us-annapurna-m-a-amazon-com-idUSKBN0KV0SG20150122 |archive-date=September 15, 2015}}</ref><ref name="extr_Amaz">{{cite news |title=Amazon buys secretive chip maker Annapurna Labs for $350 million |url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/198140-amazon-buys-secretive-chip-maker-annapurna-labs-for-350-million |access-date=January 24, 2015 |work=ExtremeTech |date=January 23, 2015 |last1=Whitwam |first1=Ryan |archive-date=December 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214090126/https://www.extremetech.com/computing/198140-amazon-buys-secretive-chip-maker-annapurna-labs-for-350-million |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hirschauge |first=Orr |date=January 22, 2015 |title=Amazon to Acquire Israeli Chip Maker Annapurna Labs |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/amazon-in-advanced-talks-to-buy-israels-annapurna-labs-1421936575 |access-date=October 20, 2020 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref>
* '''Beijing Century Joyo Courier Services''', which applied for a [[Freight forwarder|freight forwarding]] license with the [[Federal Maritime Commission|US Maritime Commission]]. Amazon is also building out its logistics in [[Trucking industry in the United States|trucking]] and [[Air cargo|air freight]] to potentially compete with [[United Parcel Service|UPS]] and [[FedEx]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/29/is-logistics-about-to-get-amazoned/ |title=Is Logistics About To Get Amazon'ed? |date=January 29, 2016 |publisher=AOL |work=TechCrunch |access-date=June 25, 2017 |archive-date=June 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622225652/https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/29/is-logistics-about-to-get-amazoned/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/2016/01/14/amazon-china-earns-its-ocean-shipping-license/ |title=Amazon China Has Its Ocean Shipping License – Fortune |author=David Z. Morris |date=January 14, 2016 |work=Fortune |access-date=January 30, 2016 |archive-date=February 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205033011/http://fortune.com/2016/01/14/amazon-china-earns-its-ocean-shipping-license/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{anchor|Brilliance Audio}} '''Brilliance Audio''', an audiobook publisher founded in 1984 by Michael Snodgrass in [[Grand Haven, Michigan]].<ref name="brilliance">{{cite web |url=http://www.brillianceaudio.com/company_overview |title=Company Overview |publisher=Brilliance Audio |access-date=February 14, 2014 |archive-date=February 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209063325/http://brillianceaudio.com/company_overview |url-status=dead }}</ref> The company produced its first eight audio titles in 1985.<ref name="brilliance" /> The company was purchased by Amazon in 2007 for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.taume.com/World-Business/Business-Finance/Amazon_com-Acquires-Brilliance-Audio-1358 |title=amazon.com Acquires Brilliance Audio |work=Taume News |date=May 27, 2007 |access-date=May 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704192411/http://news.taume.com/World-Business/Business-Finance/Amazon_com-Acquires-Brilliance-Audio-1358 |archive-date=July 4, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="gigaom">{{cite web |url=http://gigaom.com/2007/05/23/419-amazon-acquires-audiobook-indie-brilliance-audio/ |title=Amazon Acquires Audiobook Indie Brilliance Audio |work=Gigaom |author=Staci D. Kramer |date=May 23, 2007 |access-date=February 14, 2014 |archive-date=February 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222182233/http://gigaom.com/2007/05/23/419-amazon-acquires-audiobook-indie-brilliance-audio/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the time of the acquisition, Brilliance was producing 12–15 new titles a month.<ref name="gigaom" /> It operates as an independent company within Amazon. In 1984, Brilliance Audio invented a technique for recording twice as much on the same cassette.<ref name="blake">{{cite book |title=Information Literacies for the Twenty-First Century |chapter=Something New Has Been Added: Aural Literacy and Libraries |publisher=G. K. Hall & Co. |author=Virgil L. P. Blake |year=1990 |pages=203–218}}</ref> The technique involved recording on each of the two channels of each stereo track.<ref name="blake" /> It has been credited with revolutionizing the burgeoning audiobook market in the mid-1980s since it made unabridged books affordable.<ref name="blake" />
* '''[[ComiXology]]''', a [[Cloud computing|cloud]]-based digital comics platform with over 200&nbsp;million comic downloads {{as of|2013|September|lc=y}}. It offers a selection of more than 40,000 comic books and graphic novels across Android, iOS, Fire OS and Windows 8 devices and over a web browser. Amazon bought the company in April 2014.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amazon Buys ComiXology, Takes Over Digital Leadership |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-11/amazon-buys-comixology-takes-over-digital-leadership-of-comic-book-world |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411202203/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-11/amazon-buys-comixology-takes-over-digital-leadership-of-comic-book-world |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 11, 2014 |author=Stone, Brad |date=April 11, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[CreateSpace]]''', which offers self-publishing services for independent content creators, publishers, film studios, and music labels, became a subsidiary in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.createspace.com/|title=Independent Publishing with CreateSpace|website=CreateSpace: An Amazon Company|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126161130/https://www.createspace.com/|archive-date=November 26, 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=January 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.createspace.com/AboutUs.jsp|title=About CreateSpace : History|website=CreateSpace: An Amazon Company|access-date=January 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706210134/https://www.createspace.com/AboutUs.jsp|archive-date=July 6, 2017}}</ref>
* '''{{visible anchor|Eero}}''', an electronics company specializing in mesh-networking Wifi devices founded as a startup in 2014 by Nick Weaver, Amos Schallich, and Nate Hardison to simplify and innovate the smart home.<ref>{{cite news|work=CNBC Tech|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/11/amazon-is-acquiring-home-wifi-start-up-eero.html|title=Amazon is acquiring home Wi-Fi start-up Eero|author=Novet, Jordan|date=February 11, 2019|access-date=January 6, 2022|archive-date=January 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106061316/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/11/amazon-is-acquiring-home-wifi-start-up-eero.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Eero was acquired by Amazon in 2019 for US$97&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news|title=How Amazon's $97 million Eero acquisition screwed employees and minted millionaires|work=Mashable|url=https://mashable.com/article/amazon-eero-wifi-router-sale|author=Kraus, Rachel|date=April 5, 2019|access-date=January 6, 2022|archive-date=January 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106061345/https://mashable.com/article/amazon-eero-wifi-router-sale|url-status=live}}</ref> Eero has continued to operate under its banner and advertises its commitment to privacy despite early concerns from the company's acquisition.<ref>{{cite news|title=What Amazon's purchase of Eero means for your privacy|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/12/amazon-eero-privacy|author=Whittaker, Zack|date=February 12, 2019|access-date=January 6, 2022|archive-date=January 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106061318/https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/12/amazon-eero-privacy/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Health Navigator''' is a startup developing [[Application programming interface|APIs]] for online health services acquired in October 2019. The startup will form part of Amazon Care, which is the company's employee healthcare service. This follows the 2018 purchase of [[PillPack]] for under $1&nbsp;billion, which has also been included into Amazon Care.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shu |first1=Catherine |title=Amazon acquires Health Navigator for Amazon Care, its pilot employee healthcare program |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/10/23/amazon-acquires-health-navigator-for-amazon-care-its-pilot-employee-healthcare-program/ |website=Tech Crunch |date=October 24, 2019 |access-date=October 31, 2019 |archive-date=October 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031080428/https://techcrunch.com/2019/10/23/amazon-acquires-health-navigator-for-amazon-care-its-pilot-employee-healthcare-program/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Junglee''', a former online shopping service provided by Amazon that enabled customers to search for products from online and offline retailers in India. Junglee started as a virtual database that was used to extract information from the Internet and deliver it to enterprise applications. As it progressed, Junglee started to use its database technology to create a single window marketplace on the Internet by making every item from every supplier available for purchase. Web shoppers could locate, compare and transact millions of products from across the Internet shopping mall through one window.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980814/22650774.html |title=Junglee boys strike gold on the net |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217162934/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980814/22650774.html |archive-date=December 17, 2013 }}</ref> Amazon acquired Junglee in 1998, and the website Junglee.com was launched in India in February 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/amazon-india-launch-idINDEE81108G20120202 |title=Amazon Launches Online Shopping Service In India |publisher=reuters.com |date=February 2, 2012 |access-date=July 5, 2021 |archive-date=August 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802064803/https://in.reuters.com/article/amazon-india-launch-idINDEE81108G20120202 |url-status=dead }}</ref> as a comparison-shopping website. It curated and enabled searching for a diverse variety of products such as clothing, electronics, toys, jewelry, and video games, among others, across thousands of online and offline sellers. Millions of products are browsable, the client selects a price, and then they are directed to a seller. In November 2017, Amazon closed down Junglee.com and the former domain currently redirects to Amazon India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon brings the curtains down on Junglee.com, finally |url=https://www.vccircle.com/amazon-brings-the-curtains-down-on-junglee-com-finally/ |website=vccircle.com |access-date=February 1, 2018 |archive-date=January 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104022252/https://www.vccircle.com/amazon-brings-the-curtains-down-on-junglee-com-finally/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''[[Kuiper Systems]]''', a subsidiary of Amazon, set up to deploy a [[broadband]] [[satellite internet constellation]] with an announced 3,236 [[Low Earth orbit]] [[satellite]]s to provide satellite based Internet connectivity.<ref name="cnbc20190404">{{cite news |last=Sheetz |first=Michael |date=April 4, 2019 |title=Amazon wants to launch thousands of satellites so it can offer broadband internet from space |work=[[CNBC]] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/amazon-project-kuiper-broadband-internet-small-satellite-network.html |access-date=April 4, 2019 |archive-date=April 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404151556/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/amazon-project-kuiper-broadband-internet-small-satellite-network.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="sn20190404">{{cite news |last=Henry |first=Caleb |date=April 4, 2019 |title=Amazon planning 3,236-satellite constellation for internet connectivity |work=[[SpaceNews]] |url=https://spacenews.com/amazon-planning-3236-satellite-constellation-for-internet-connectivity/ |access-date=April 5, 2019 |archive-date=April 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405114142/https://spacenews.com/amazon-planning-3236-satellite-constellation-for-internet-connectivity/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ars20190708">{{cite news |last=Brodkin |first=Jon |date=July 8, 2019 |title=Amazon plans nationwide broadband—with both home and mobile service |work=ars Technica |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/07/amazon-follows-spacex-into-satellite-broadband-asks-fcc-to-ok-launch-plan/ |access-date=July 9, 2019 |quote=''Kuiper is wholly owned by Amazon, and its president is Rajeev Badyal, a former SpaceX vice president who was reportedly fired because SpaceX CEO Elon Musk was unsatisfied with his company's satellite-broadband progress.'' |archive-date=July 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708220112/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/07/amazon-follows-spacex-into-satellite-broadband-asks-fcc-to-ok-launch-plan/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''[[Amazon Lab126|Lab126]]''', developers of integrated consumer electronics such as the [[Amazon Kindle|Kindle]], became a subsidiary in 2004.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2012/09/19/amazon-research-unit-lab-126-agrees-to-big-lease-that-could-bring-sunnyvale-2600-new-workers/|title=Amazon research unit Lab 126 agrees to big lease that could bring Sunnyvale 2,600 new workers|last=Avalos|first=George|date=September 19, 2012|work=The Mercury News|access-date=February 20, 2019|archive-date=December 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224111922/https://www.mercurynews.com/2012/09/19/amazon-research-unit-lab-126-agrees-to-big-lease-that-could-bring-sunnyvale-2600-new-workers/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Shelfari''', a former [[Social cataloging application|social cataloging]] website for books. Shelfari users built virtual bookshelves of the titles which they owned or had read and they could rate, review, [[tag (metadata)|tag]] and discuss their books. Users could also create groups that other members could join, create discussions and talk about books, or other topics. Recommendations could be sent to friends on the site for what books to read. Amazon bought the company in August 2008.<ref name=":0" /> Shelfari continued to function as an independent book social network within the Amazon until January 2016, when Amazon announced that it would be merging Shelfari with [[Goodreads]] and closing down Shelfari.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thereadersroom.org/2016/01/12/amazon-kills-shelfari/|title=Amazon Kills Shelfari|date=January 13, 2016|website=The Reader's Room|language=en|access-date=February 20, 2019|archive-date=February 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222171627/https://thereadersroom.org/2016/01/12/amazon-kills-shelfari/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://thebookmarketingnetwork.com/profiles/blogs/shelfari-is-closing-but-you-can-merge-your-account-with-goodreads |title=Shelfari Is Closing! BUT, You Can Merge Your Account with Goodreads! |author=Holiday, J.D. |date=January 13, 2016 |website=The Book Marketing Network |access-date=January 20, 2016 |archive-date=February 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206034116/http://thebookmarketingnetwork.com/profiles/blogs/shelfari-is-closing-but-you-can-merge-your-account-with-goodreads |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* '''[[Souq (company)|Souq]]''', the former largest [[e-commerce]] platform in the [[Arab world]]. The company launched in 2005 in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] and served multiple areas across the Middle East.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/28/amazon-to-acquire-souqcom-a-large-e-commerce-site-in-the-middle-east.html|title=Amazon reaches deal to acquire Middle East e-commerce site Souq.com|publisher=CNBC|date=March 28, 2017|access-date=October 16, 2021|archive-date=October 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016200257/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/28/amazon-to-acquire-souqcom-a-large-e-commerce-site-in-the-middle-east.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 28, 2017, Amazon acquired Souq.com for $580&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000101872417000051/amzn-20170331x10q.htm|title=Document|website=www.sec.gov|access-date=February 3, 2019|archive-date=December 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225171406/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000101872417000051/amzn-20170331x10q.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The company was re-branded as Amazon and its infrastructure was used to expand Amazon's online platform in the Middle East.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/30/amazon-rebrands-souq-launches-new-middle-east-marketplace.html|title=Amazon launches new Middle East marketplace, and rebrands Souq, the company it bought for $580 million in 2017|publisher=CNBC|date=April 30, 2019|access-date=October 16, 2021|archive-date=October 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016202030/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/30/amazon-rebrands-souq-launches-new-middle-east-marketplace.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Amazon also has investments in renewable energy, including plans to fund four [[Small modular reactor|small nuclear reactor]]s at the [[Washington Xe-100 reactor site|Xe-100 reactor site]] in Eastern [[Washington (state)|Washington]], and plans to expand its position into the Canadian market through an investment in a new plant in [[Alberta]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon unveils plan for a major solar power project in southern Alberta|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/alberta-amazon-solar-energy-power-renewable-newell-county-1.5993225|access-date=May 21, 2021|archive-date=May 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507140827/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/alberta-amazon-solar-energy-power-renewable-newell-county-1.5993225|url-status=live}}</ref>