Editing Washington, D.C. (section)

=== Music ===
{{Main|Music of Washington, D.C.}}
[[File:Chuck Brown (5318700369).jpg|thumb|left|[[Chuck Brown]] performing [[go-go]] music]]
[[Columbia Records]], a major music record label in the US, was founded in Washington, D.C. in 1889.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brooks |first1=Tim |title=A Directory to Columbia Recording Artists |journal=[[ARSC Journal]] |date=1979 |volume=11 |issue=2–3 |pages=102–138 |url=https://www.arsc-audio.org/journals/v13/v11/v11n2-3p102-138.pdf |access-date=31 August 2024}}</ref>{{rp|p=105}}

The city grew into being one of America's most important music cities in the early [[jazz age]]. [[Duke Ellington]], among the most prominent jazz composers and musicians of his time, was born and raised in Washington, and began his music career in the city. The center of the city's jazz scene during those years was [[U Street (Washington, D.C.)|U street]] and [[Shaw (Washington, D.C.)|Shaw]]. Among the city's major jazz locations were the [[Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Lincoln Theatre]] and the [[Howard Theatre]].<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.culturaltourismdc.org/info-url3948/info-url_show.htm?doc_id=204895&attrib_id=7970 
|title=Howard Theatre|department=African American Heritage Trail Database|website=Cultural Tourism DC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018042614/http://www.culturaltourismdc.org/info-url3948/info-url_show.htm?doc_id=204895&attrib_id=7970|archive-date=2006-10-18}}</ref>

Washington has its own native music genre called [[go-go]]; a post-funk, percussion-driven flavor of rhythm and blues that was popularized in the late 1970s by D.C. band leader [[Chuck Brown]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Alona |last=Wartofsky |title=What Go-Goes Around ... |date=June 3, 2001 |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=G01}}</ref>

The district is an important center for [[indie music scene|indie culture and music]] in the United States. The DC-based label [[Dischord Records]], formed by [[Ian MacKaye]], frontman of [[Fugazi]], was one of the most crucial independent labels in the genesis of 1980s punk and eventually indie rock in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite book |last=Constantinou |first=Costas M. |title=Cultures and politics of global communication |year=2008 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=203 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xpJ0_WQIbZoC |isbn=978-0-521-72711-2 |access-date=June 16, 2015 |archive-date=September 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905235914/https://books.google.com/books?id=xpJ0_WQIbZoC |url-status=live }}</ref> Modern [[Alternative rock|alternative]] and indie music venues like [[Black Cat (Washington, D.C. nightclub)|The Black Cat]] and the [[9:30 Club]] bring popular acts to the U Street area.<ref>{{cite news |title=Black Cat: A changing club with a changing scene in a changing city |date=September 9, 2001 |url=http://www.georgetownvoice.com/2004/09/09/black-cat-a-changing-club-with-a-changing-scene-in-a-changing-city/ |work=The Georgetown Voice |access-date=June 10, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513133855/http://georgetownvoice.com/2004/09/09/black-cat-a-changing-club-with-a-changing-scene-in-a-changing-city/ |archive-date=May 13, 2011}}</ref> The hardcore punk scene in the city, known as [[Washington, D.C. hardcore|D.C. hardcore]], is an important genre of D.C.'s contemporary music scene. Starting in the 1970s and flourishing in the [[Adams Morgan]] neighborhood, it is considered to be one of the most influential punk music movements in the country.<ref name="SG_13DCHC">{{cite web |last=Norton |first=Justin M. |date=October 17, 2012 |url=http://www.stereogum.com/1179562/13-essential-dc-hardcore-albums/franchises/list/ |title=13 Essential DC Hardcore Albums |website=[[Stereogum]] |access-date=April 11, 2016 |archive-date=October 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022183326/https://www.stereogum.com/1179562/13-essential-dc-hardcore-albums/franchises/list/ |url-status=live }}</ref>