Editing Urban heat island (section)

=== Green infrastructure ===
{{Main|Green infrastructure|Green roof}}
[[File:Budapest, CAF Urbos 3, 4.jpg|thumb|alt=Grassed tramway track in Budapest, Hungary|[[Green track|Grassed tramway track]] in Budapest, Hungary]]
[[Green roofs]] are excellent insulators during the warm weather months and the plants cool the surrounding environment. Plants can improve air quality as they absorb carbon dioxide and concomitantly produce oxygen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Green (Planted) Roofs |url=http://vinylroofs.org/resources/green-planted-roofs/index.html |access-date=2010-08-07 |archive-date=2011-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728163054/http://www.vinylroofs.org/resources/green-planted-roofs/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Green roofs can also have positive impacts on stormwater management and energy consumption.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Hongqing |last2=Kong |first2=Fanhua |last3=Yin |first3=Haiwei |last4=Middel |first4=Ariane |last5=Zheng |first5=Xiandi |last6=Huang |first6=Jing |last7=Xu |first7=Hairong |last8=Wang |first8=Ding |last9=Wen |first9=Zhihao |date=2021 |title=Impacts of green roofs on water, temperature, and air quality: A bibliometric review |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107794 |journal=Building and Environment |volume=196 |pages=107794 |doi=10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107794 |bibcode=2021BuEnv.19607794L |issn=0360-1323}}</ref> Cost can be a barrier to implementing a green roof.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four Barriers to Implementing Green Roofs – And How to Overcome Them {{!}} Nicole Holmes |url=https://livingarchitecturemonitor.com/articles/four-barriers-to-implementing-green-roofs-and-how-to-overcome-them-fa23 |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Living Architecture Monitor |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last1=Teotónio |first1=Inês |last2=Silva |first2=Cristina Matos |last3=Cruz |first3=Carlos Oliveira |date=2021 |title=Economics of green roofs and green walls: A literature review |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102781 |journal=Sustainable Cities and Society |volume=69 |pages=102781 |doi=10.1016/j.scs.2021.102781 |bibcode=2021SusCS..6902781T |issn=2210-6707}}</ref> Several factors influence the cost of a green roof, including design and soil depth, location, and the price of labor and equipment in that market, which is typically lower in more developed markets where there is more experience designing and installing green roofs.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Feng |first1=Haibo |title=Nature based strategies for urban and building sustainability |last2=Hewage |first2=Kasun N. |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |year=2018 |pages=307–318 |chapter=Economic benefits and costs of green roofs |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-812150-4.00028-8|isbn=978-0-12-812150-4 }}</ref> The individualized context of each green roof presents a challenge for making broad comparisons and assessments, and focusing only on monetary costs may leave out the social, environmental, and public health benefits green roofs provide.<ref name=":12" /> Global comparisons of green roof performance are further challenged by the lack of a shared framework for making such comparisons.<ref name=":12" />

Stormwater management is another option to help mitigate the effect of the urban heat island. Stormwater management is the controlling the water produced by the storm in a way that protects property and infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.gosnells.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/seamless/3_stormwater_management.pdf | title=Stormwater Management Objectives | website=www.gosnells.wa.gov.au}}</ref> Urban infrastructure like streets, sidewalks, and parking lots do not allow for water to penetrate into the earth's surface causing water to flood. By using stormwater management, you can control the flow of the water in ways that can mitigate UHI effect. One way is using a stormwater management technique called pervious pavement system (PPS). This technique has been used in over 30 countries and found to be successful in stormwater management and UHI mitigation. The PPS allows water to flow through the pavement allowing for the water to be absorbed causing the area to be cooled by evaporation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Junsong |last2=Meng |first2=Qinglin |last3=Zou |first3=Ya |last4=Qi |first4=Qianlong |last5=Tan |first5=Kanghao |last6=Santamouris |first6=Mat |last7=He |first7=Bao-Jie |title=Performance synergism of pervious pavement on stormwater management and urban heat island mitigation: A review of its benefits, key parameters, and co-benefits approach |journal=Water Research |date=August 2022 |volume=221 |pages=118755 |doi=10.1016/j.watres.2022.118755 |pmid=35728492 |bibcode=2022WatRe.22118755W }}</ref>

[[Green parking lot]]s use vegetation and surfaces other than asphalt to limit the urban heat island effect.

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