Editing Unitarianism (section)

== Notable Unitarians ==
{{Main|List of Unitarians, Universalists, and Unitarian Universalists}}
[[File:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|upright|right|[[Isaac Newton]] held [[Arian]] views.]]
Notable Unitarians include classical composers [[Edvard Grieg]] and [[Béla Bartók]]; [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], [[Theodore Parker]], [[Yvonne Seon|Yveon Seon]] and [[Thomas Lamb Eliot]] in theology and ministry; [[Oliver Heaviside]], [[Erasmus Darwin]], [[Joseph Priestley]], [[John Archibald Wheeler]], [[Linus Pauling]], [[Sir Isaac Newton]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Newton to Einstein|last=Baierlein|first=Ralph.|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press & Assessment]]|year=1992|isbn=0-521-42323-6|location=Cambridge|page=54}}</ref> and inventor Sir [[Francis Ronalds]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sir Francis Ronalds: Father of the Electric Telegraph|last=Ronalds|first=B.F.|publisher=[[Imperial College Press]]|year=2016|isbn=978-1-78326-917-4|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uudb.org/articles/francisronalds.html|title=Francis Ronalds|website=Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography|access-date=10 February 2017|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413001247/https://uudb.org/articles/francisronalds.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> in science; [[George Boole]] in mathematics; [[Susan B. Anthony]] in civil government; [[Frances Harper|Frances Ellen Watkins Harper]], [[Whitney Young]] of the [[National Urban League]], and [[Florence Nightingale]] in humanitarianism and social justice; [[John Bowring]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] and [[Elizabeth Gaskell]] in literature; [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] in the arts; [[Josiah Wedgwood]], [[Richard Peacock]]<ref>{{cite magazine |last= Lang |first= Ernest F. |date= July 1927 |title= The early history of our firm: Richard Peacock|magazine= The Beyer-Peacock Quarterly Review |location= London |publisher= [[Beyer, Peacock & Company]] |page= 17 }}</ref> and [[Samuel Carter (Coventry MP)|Samuel Carter]] MP<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uudb.org/articles/samuelcarter.html|title=Samuel Carter|website=Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography|access-date=20 March 2018|archive-date=20 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320171112/http://uudb.org/articles/samuelcarter.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> in industry; [[Thomas Starr King]] in ministry and politics; and [[Charles William Eliot]] in education. [[Julia Ward Howe]] was a leader in the woman suffrage movement, the first ever woman to be elected to the Academy of Arts and Letters, and author of the "[[Battle Hymn of the Republic]]", volumes of poetry, and other writing. Although raised a Quaker, [[Ezra Cornell]], founder of [[Cornell University]] in Ithaca, New York, attended the Unitarian church and was one of the founders of Ithaca's First Unitarian Church. Eramus Darwin Shattuck, a signatory to the Oregon State Constitution, founded the first Unitarian church in Oregon in 1865.<ref>''The Centennial History of Oregon 1811–1912'' by Joseph Gaston, p. 582.</ref>
[[File:Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, 1825-1911 LCCN 2002698208.jpg|thumb|[[Frances Ellen Watkins Harper]] was an abolitionist, journalist, and suffragist associated with both American Unitarianism and the [[African Methodist Episcopal Church]]. ]]
Eleven Nobel Prizes have been awarded to Unitarians: [[Robert Millikan]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Caltech Alum and UCLA Professor Calls for Removal of Robert A. Millikan's Name, Bust From Caltech Campus Over Eugenics Support – Pasadena Now|url=https://www.pasadenanow.com/main/caltech-alum-and-ucla-professor-calls-for-removal-of-robert-a-millikans-name-bust-from-caltech-campus-over-eugenics-support|access-date=2022-02-09|website=www.pasadenanow.com|archive-date=2022-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209074337/https://www.pasadenanow.com/main/caltech-alum-and-ucla-professor-calls-for-removal-of-robert-a-millikans-name-bust-from-caltech-campus-over-eugenics-support|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[John Bardeen]] (twice) in physics; [[Emily Green Balch]], [[Albert Schweitzer]] and [[Linus Pauling]] for peace; [[George Wald]] and [[David H. Hubel]] in medicine; [[Linus Pauling]] in chemistry; and [[Herbert A. Simon]] in economics.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

Four presidents of the United States were Unitarians: [[John Adams]], [[John Quincy Adams]], [[Millard Fillmore]], and [[William Howard Taft]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/godinamerica-white-house/ |title=God in the White House |website=pbs.org |access-date=2019-12-04 |archive-date=2019-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204185621/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/godinamerica-white-house/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Adlai Stevenson II]], the Democratic presidential nominee in 1952 and 1956, was a Unitarian; he was the last Unitarian to be nominated by a major party for president as of 2024.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} Although a self-styled materialist, [[Thomas Jefferson]] was pro-Unitarian to the extent of suggesting that it would become the predominant religion in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/jeffersons-religious-beliefs |title=Jefferson's Religious Beliefs |website=monticello.org |access-date=2019-12-04 |archive-date=2019-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207083820/https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/jeffersons-religious-beliefs |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the United Kingdom, although Unitarianism was the religion of only a small minority of the population, its practitioners had an enormous impact on Victorian politics, not only in the larger cities – [[Birmingham]], [[Leeds]], [[Manchester]] and [[Liverpool]] – but in smaller communities such as [[Leicester]], where there were so many Unitarian mayors that the Unitarian Chapel was known as the "Mayors' Nest".<ref name =Dare>{{cite book |last1=Dare |first1=J. |title=Working Class Life in Victorian Leicester: The Joseph Dart Reports |date=1991 |publisher=Leicestershire Libraries and Information Service |isbn=085022294X |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpRIAAAAYAAJ&q=mayors+nest++leister++unitarian |access-date=18 September 2019 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928230527/https://books.google.com/books?id=JpRIAAAAYAAJ&q=mayors+nest++leister++unitarian |url-status=live }}</ref> Numerous Unitarian families were highly significant in the social and political life of Britain from Victorian times to the middle of the 20th century. They included the [[Joseph Nettlefold|Nettlefolds]], [[Martineau family|Martineaus]], [[Lupton family|Luptons]], [[James Kitson, 1st Baron Airedale|Kitsons]], [[Joseph Chamberlain|Chamberlains]] and Kenricks.<ref>{{cite web|work=The Parliamentary Chamberlains|url=http://www.ianchamberlain.net.au/script/03-Parliamentary%20Chamberlains.pdf|pages=57–74|title=Chapter 12 – William Chamberlain comes to London|publisher=Ian Chamberlain – 2003|access-date=March 2, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Holt|first=Raymond V.|title=The Unitarian Contribution to Social Progress in England|url=http://www.unitarian.org.uk/docs/publications/1952_SocialProgress.pdf|chapter=Chapter 3, including Georgian and Victorian period. Ref Chamberlain, Lupton (Leeds) and Martineau, Nettlefold, Kenrick (Birmingham) families|publisher=Lindsey Press|year=1906|access-date=March 1, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302103107/http://www.unitarian.org.uk/docs/publications/1952_SocialProgress.pdf|archive-date=March 2, 2014}}</ref> In [[Birmingham, England]], a Unitarian church – the Church of the Messiah – was opened in 1862. It became a cultural and intellectual centre of a whole society, a place where ideas about society were openly and critically discussed.{{efn| Henry W. Crosskey's congregation included [[Joseph Chamberlain]], father of British prime minister [[Neville Chamberlain]]<ref name= Dare/> and Arthur, his younger brother, who was married to Louisa Kenrick; William Kenrick, his brother-in-law, who was married to Mary Chamberlain; and [[Martineau family|Sir Thomas Martineau]], who was the nephew of [[Harriet Martineau]], another outspoken public figure and author. Sir Thomas Martineau (died 1893) was related to the [[Neville Chamberlain|Chamberlain family]] by marriage; Sir Thomas had married Emily Kenrick, the sister of Florence Chamberlain, née Kenrick.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Times|first1=Waikato|title=Waikato Times, Volume XXVIII, Issue 2328, 11 June 1887, p. 2|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=WT18870611.2.43.6|publisher=Waikato Times (Papers Past) 11 June 1887|access-date=30 March 2015|archive-date=13 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013062551/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=WT18870611.2.43.6|url-status=live}}</ref> In Lambeth, South London, another two members of the Martineau family, Caroline and Constance, worked at Morley College, the former acting as (unpaid) principal for over 11 years. Several other prominent Unitarians were involved in the development of this liberal arts college, which was founded by actors at the Old Vic theatre.<ref>''Offspring of the Vic'' by Denis Richards, originally published in 1958</ref>}}