Editing Umayyad Caliphate (section)

===Military===
The Umayyad army was mainly Arab, with its core consisting of those who had settled in urban Syria and the Arab tribes who originally served in the army of the Eastern Roman Empire in Syria. These were supported by tribes in the Syrian desert and in the frontier with the Byzantines, as well as Christian Syrian tribes. Soldiers were registered with the Army Ministry, the Diwan Al-Jaysh, and were salaried. The army was divided into junds based on regional fortified cities.<ref>{{cite book |first=David |last=Nicolle |title=The Great Islamic Conquests AD 632–750 |date=2012 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-84603-890-7 |page=30}}</ref> The Umayyad Syrian forces specialised in close order infantry warfare, and favoured using a kneeling spear wall formation in battle, probably as a result of their encounters with Roman armies. This was radically different from the original Bedouin style of mobile and individualistic fighting.<ref>{{cite book |first=Peter |last=Crawford |title=The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam |date=2013 |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=978-1-84884-612-8 |page=226}}</ref>{{sfn|Kennedy |2007a}}