Editing Treblinka extermination camp (section)

===Construction of the memorial===
The construction of a monument {{cvt|8|m}} in height designed by sculptor [[Franciszek Duszeńko]] was inaugurated on 21 April 1958 with the laying of the cornerstone at the site of the former gas chambers. The sculpture represents the trend toward large avant-garde forms introduced in the 1960s throughout Europe, with a granite tower cracked down the middle and capped by a mushroom-like block carved with abstract reliefs and Jewish symbols.<ref name="Marcuse-Genre">{{cite journal |url=http://www.history.ucsb.edu/projects/histpublications/files/07917-2010marcuseahrforumholocaustmemorialsgenre.pdf |title=Holocaust Memorials: The Emergence of a Genre |journal=American Historical Review |date=February 2010 |access-date=23 October 2013 |author=Marcuse, Harold |pages=35–36 of current PDF document |format=PDF file, direct download 26.3 MB |quote=Beginning with the Buchenwald memorial and numerous designs for the Birkenau competition, and continuing with the ''[[Mémorial des Martyrs de la Déportation|Île de la Cité]]'' in Paris, Treblinka, and Yad Vashem near Jerusalem, such experiential spaces have become a hallmark of major Holocaust memorials. |archive-date=20 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220140057/http://www.history.ucsb.edu/projects/histpublications/files/07917-2010marcuseahrforumholocaustmemorialsgenre.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Treblinka was declared a national monument of martyrology on 10 May 1964 during an official ceremony attended by 30,000 people.{{efn|''Translation from Polish:'' The official unveiling of the monument took place on 10 May 1964. At this time, the name was introduced of the Mausoleum of the Fight and Martyrdom. The ceremony was attended by 30,000 people.&nbsp;... ''Original:'' "Oficjalne odsłonięcie pomnika odbyło się 10 maja 1964 r. Przyjęto wtedy nazwę tego miejsca – 'Mauzoleum Walki i Męczeństwa w Treblince'. W wydarzeniu tym uczestniczyło ok. 30 tys. osób.&nbsp;... Odsłonięcia dokonał wicemarszałek Sejmu PRL – [[Zenon Kliszko]]. Wśród zebranych byli więźniowie Treblinki II: [[Jankiel Wiernik]] z Izraela, [[Richard Glazar]] z Czechosłowacji, Berl Duszkiewicz z Francji i Zenon Gołaszewski z Polski."{{sfn|Kopówka|Rytel-Andrianik|2011|p=122}}}}{{sfn|Kopówka|Rytel-Andrianik|2011|p=122}} The monument was unveiled by [[Zenon Kliszko]], the [[Marshal of the Sejm|Marshal]] of the [[Sejm of the Republic of Poland]], in the presence of survivors of the Treblinka uprising from Israel, France, Czechoslovakia and Poland. The camp custodian's house (built nearby in 1960){{efn|The custodian and the first director of the Treblinka camp museum was Tadeusz Kiryluk, who was originally from Wólka Okrąglik.{{sfn|Kopówka|Rytel-Andrianik|2011|p=121}}|name=custodian}} was turned into an exhibition space following the [[End of Communism in Poland (1989)|collapse of communism in Poland]] in 1989 and the retirement of the custodian; it opened in 2006. It was later expanded and made into a branch of the Siedlce Regional Museum.<ref name="memorialmuseums.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.memorialmuseums.org/eng/staettens/view/59/Treblinka-Museum-of-Struggle-and-Martyrdom |title=Treblinka Museum of Struggle and Martyrdom |publisher=Portal to European Sites of Remembrance |year=2013 |access-date=14 September 2013 |website=Memorial Museums.org |archive-date=6 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306161036/http://memorialmuseums.org/eng/staettens/view/59/treblinka-museum-of-struggle-and-martyrdom |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="MWiMT">{{cite web |url=http://www.treblinka.bho.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=203&Itemid=129 |title=The Memorial |publisher=Muzeum Walki i Męczeństwa w Treblince. Oddział Muzeum Regionalnego w Siedlcach [Museum of Struggle and Martyrdom at Treblinka. Division of the Regional Museum in Siedlce] |date=4 February 2010 |access-date=31 October 2013 |author=Kopówka, Edward |work=Treblinka. Nigdy wiecej, Siedlce 2002, pp.&nbsp;5–54. |archive-date=19 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019060357/http://www.treblinka.bho.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=203&Itemid=129 |url-status=live }}</ref>