Editing The Dakota (section)

=== Cooperative conversion ===

==== 1960s to 1980s ====
[[File:Central Park West May 2022 46.jpg|thumb|Rounded windows on 72nd Street]]
In January 1961, the Glickman Corporation paid $4.6 million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|index=US|value=4.6|start_year=1961|fmt=c}} million in {{Inflation/year|index=US}}) for the Dakota and an adjoining lot that contained the building's boiler room. Glickman planned to build New York City's largest apartment building on the combined site.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stern |first=Walter H. |date=January 26, 1961 |title=Dakota Apartments to Be Sold; Buyer May Raze 1881 Building |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/01/26/archives/dakota-apartments-to-be-sold-buyer-may-raze-1881-building.html |access-date=May 11, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511143227/https://www.nytimes.com/1961/01/26/archives/dakota-apartments-to-be-sold-buyer-may-raze-1881-building.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The residents announced plans to buy the building from the Glickman Corporation in April 1961 for $4.8 million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|index=US|value=4.8|start_year=1961|fmt=c}} million in {{Inflation/year|index=US}}).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fowler |first=Glenn |date=April 11, 1961 |title=Dakota Tenants to Buy Building; 4.8 Million Price Is Set for 80-Year-Old Apartment House on 72d Street |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/04/11/archives/dakota-tenants-to-buy-building-48-million-price-is-set-for.html |access-date=May 11, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511123832/https://www.nytimes.com/1961/04/11/archives/dakota-tenants-to-buy-building-48-million-price-is-set-for.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Glickman dropped its plans to redevelop the Dakota and instead sold the adjacent {{cvt|46000|ft2|adj=on}} site in August.<ref>{{cite news |date=August 3, 1961 |title=Realty Firm Plans Large Apartments: Buys West Side Plot Near Park |page=16 |work=New York Herald Tribune |id={{ProQuest|1326282737}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 3, 1961 |title=72d St. Car Lot Bought As Site for Apartments |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/08/03/archives/72d-st-car-lot-bought-as-site-for-apartments.html |access-date=May 11, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511143227/https://www.nytimes.com/1961/08/03/archives/72d-st-car-lot-bought-as-site-for-apartments.html |url-status=live}}</ref> That November, the Dakota's tenants bought the building, which became a cooperative.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 22, 1961 |title=Tenants Buy Landmark; The Dakota, at 1 W. 72d St., Becomes a Cooperative |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/11/22/archives/tenants-buy-landmark-the-dakota-at-1-w-72d-st-becomes-a-cooperative.html |access-date=May 11, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511123831/https://www.nytimes.com/1961/11/22/archives/tenants-buy-landmark-the-dakota-at-1-w-72d-st-becomes-a-cooperative.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The Mayfair was completed on the adjacent site in 1964; according to ''The New York Times'', no plans were ever filed for a larger building on the Dakota's site.<ref name="nyt-2012-06-01" /> Under the co-op arrangement, the residents were obligated to share all maintenance and repair costs, which the Clark family had previously handled.<ref name="Alpern p. 161" /> The Dakota was one of twelve apartment buildings on Central Park West to be converted into housing cooperatives in the late 1950s and early 1960s.<ref>{{cite news |date=April 26, 1964 |title=Trend to Co-ops Still Westward: 12 Former Rental Buildings on Central Park Have Converted in 5 Years |page=R1 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|115760359}}}}</ref> By the mid-1960s, members of the co-op had to pay fees of up to $14,400 a year (equivalent to ${{Inflation|index=US|value=14400|start_year=1965|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation/year|index=US}}), in addition to a one-time down payment of no more than $60,000 on their apartments (equivalent to ${{Inflation|index=US|value=60000|start_year=1965|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation/year|index=US}}).<ref>{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|115899320}} |title=Neighboring Apartment Houses Illustrate 83-Year Transition on West Side |first=William |last=Robbins |date=October 11, 1964 |page=R1 |work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> At the time, the building employed about 30 staff.<ref name="Alpern p. 121" />

The Dakota's board of directors announced in 1974 that the roof would need to be replaced, since the slate tiles had started to fall off and the copper trim had deteriorated.<ref name="nyt-1974-02-17" /><ref name="Alpern p. 161" /> Since the building had been designated a New York City landmark five years prior,<ref name="nyt-1969-02-27" /> the [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] (LPC) had to review every proposed modification to the exterior.<ref name="nyt-1974-02-17" /><ref name="Alpern p. 161" /> The LPC hired experts who determined that a full restoration would cost $1 million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|index=US|value=1|start_year=1974|r=2|fmt=c}} million in {{Inflation/year|index=US}}), which amounted to an additional $10,000 assessment for each of the Dakota's 95 tenants. The board of directors decided to instead conduct a smaller-scale renovation. The Joseph K. Blum Company added waterproofing to the Dakota's roof for $160,000 (equivalent to ${{Inflation|index=US|value=0.16|start_year=1974|r=2|fmt=c}} million in {{Inflation/year|index=US}}).<ref name="nyt-1974-02-17" /> The Dakota's board also voted in 1975 to ban the installation of air conditioners that protruded through the building's facade, since the LPC would have to approve every air conditioner that was installed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 31, 1975 |title=The Dakota Bans Some Cooling Units |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/31/archives/the-dakota-bans-some-cooling-units.html |access-date=May 13, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514041204/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/31/archives/the-dakota-bans-some-cooling-units.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

The Dakota gained attention when [[John Lennon]], a resident and former member of the rock band [[the Beatles]], was [[Murder of John Lennon|shot dead]] outside the building on December 8, 1980.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ledbetter |first=Les |date=December 9, 1980 |title=John Lennon of Beatles Is Killed |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/12/09/archives/john-lennon-of-beatles-is-killed-suspect-held-in-shooting-at-dakota.html |access-date=December 8, 2020 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207174140/https://www.nytimes.com/1980/12/09/archives/john-lennon-of-beatles-is-killed-suspect-held-in-shooting-at-dakota.html |url-status=live}}</ref> According to the ''Chicago Tribune'', the Dakota became a makeshift memorial for Lennon, especially among fans of the Beatles. The murder also prompted concern among residents, who demanded more stringent security; all visitors were already required to pass through the security booth on 72nd Street.<ref name="p172229587">{{cite news |last=Worthington |first=Rogers |date=December 11, 1980 |title=Tempo: The Dakota: An institution turned Lennon memorial |page=A1 |work=Chicago Tribune |id={{ProQuest|172229587}}}}</ref> Years after Lennon's death, the Dakota's residents tended to eschew publicity.<ref name="n101753611" /><ref name="wsj-2011-02-02">{{Cite news |last=Barbanel |first=Josh |date=February 2, 2011 |title=Butler Did It: Sells Dakota Co-op |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703445904576118480637514922 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513043329/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703445904576118480637514922 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Dakota's board had rejected numerous high-profile personalities who had wanted to move into the building.<ref name="n101753611">{{Cite news |last=Colford |first=Paul D. |date=January 3, 1984 |title=The One, The Only... The Dakota |pages=78, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/101753611/ 79], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/101753627/ 80] |work=Newsday |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/101753559/the-one-the-only-the-dakotapaul-d/ |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513005009/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/101753559/the-one-the-only-the-dakotapaul-d/ |url-status=live}}</ref> By then, there were 93 apartments, and the original floor plans had been rearranged extensively. Residents generally continued to live in the building for prolonged periods.<ref name="n101753611" /> The recessed [[areaway]] around the Dakota was restored in the mid-1980s, and architectural firm Glass & Glass began drawing up plans for a full restoration of the building.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Giovannini |first=Joseph |date=July 11, 1985 |title=Architectural Advice for Co-op Boards |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/11/garden/architectural-advice-for-co-op-boards.html |access-date=May 13, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125184336/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/11/garden/architectural-advice-for-co-op-boards.html |url-status=live}}</ref> By the late 1980s, people in the financial industry comprised an increasing proportion of the Dakota's residents; previously, many had worked in the arts.<ref name=p110729327>{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|110729327}} |title=Its Prices and Prestige Rise as Demand Grows For Grand Old Co-ops: Central Park West Gains on Fifth Avenue |first=Mark|last=McCain |date=6 Sep 1987 |page=R1 |work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

==== 1990s to present ====
By 1992, the Dakota's facade was being cleaned.<ref name="Alpern p. 161" /><ref name="nyt-1992-10-11">{{Cite news |last=Gray |first=Christopher |date=October 11, 1992 |title=Getting the Grime off the Face of the City |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/11/realestate/getting-the-grime-off-the-face-of-the-city.html |access-date=May 13, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030235412/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/11/realestate/getting-the-grime-off-the-face-of-the-city.html |url-status=live}}</ref> New mortar had been applied to the brickwork in the facade, but the light color of the mortar contrasted sharply with the darkened bricks.<ref name="nyt-1992-10-11" /> The Dakota's board decided to repair the most deteriorated bricks rather than replace the whole facade. The project was budgeted using [[Unit price|unit pricing]], since it was impossible to know how many bricks needed to be repaired until the entire facade had been examined. The repairs ultimately cost $5 million, amounting to an average assessment of $50,000 for each tenant.<ref>{{harvnb|Alpern|2015|ps=.|pp=161–162}}</ref> The LPC gave craftsmanship awards to the restoration architects, Ehrenkrantz & Eckstut Architects and Remco, in 1994.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 12, 1994 |title=Postings: Landmarks Preservation Commission Awards; 13 Projects Win Citations for Enhancing the Urban Environment |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/12/realestate/postings-landmarks-preservation-commission-awards-13-projects-win-citations-for.html |access-date=May 13, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223221532/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/12/realestate/postings-landmarks-preservation-commission-awards-13-projects-win-citations-for.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The fireplaces were also restored in the late 1990s or early 2000s, requiring some of the fireplace [[flue]]s to be replaced.<ref name="Alpern p. 162" />

The Dakota's maintenance expenses were shared among fewer residents and tended to be much higher than at other nearby co-ops. For instance, Lennon's widow [[Yoko Ono]] paid a monthly fee of $12,566 for her {{cvt|6000|ft2|adj=on}} apartment in 1996, while a similarly-sized apartment at the nearby [[The San Remo|San Remo]] had a monthly maintenance cost of $6,000.<ref name="Mason p. 25" /> The Dakota's board announced in 2002 that it planned to restore the interior courtyard, and it hired Higgins & Quasebarth as a consulting architect.<ref name="nyt-2002-08-18">{{Cite news |last=Lee |first=Denny |date=August 18, 2002 |title=Neighborhood Report: Upper West Side; Dakota Will Get Its Repairs, But Many Eyes Will Watch |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/18/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-dakota-will-get-its-repairs-but-many-eyes.html |access-date=May 13, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128235500/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/18/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-dakota-will-get-its-repairs-but-many-eyes.html |url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, the upper level of the courtyard had severe leaks, and the breezeway on the western side of the courtyard was "practically held up by paint".<ref name="Alpern p. 162" /><ref name="nyt-2002-08-18" /> The LPC approved all aspects of the planned renovation. Some residents wanted the glass breezeway in the courtyard to be removed, citing aesthetic concerns; preservationists said the general public would have not been able to see the breezeway anyway, since security had been tightened after Lennon's murder.<ref name="nyt-2002-08-18" /> The restoration of the courtyard started in February 2004 and was completed seven and a half months later.<ref>{{harvnb|Alpern|2015|ps=.|p=163}}</ref>

High demand for units at the Dakota continued into the 21st century.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barbanel |first=Josh |date=September 18, 2015 |title=Forced Sales Set for Apartments at the Dakota |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/forced-sales-set-for-apartmentsat-the-dakota-1442537723 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=February 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203051949/https://www.wsj.com/articles/forced-sales-set-for-apartmentsat-the-dakota-1442537723 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=McMullen |first=Troy |date=May 4, 2017 |title=Central Park West: one of New York's most sought-after addresses |url=https://www.ft.com/content/733bcaae-2a97-11e7-bc4b-5528796fe35c |access-date=May 13, 2022 |website=Financial Times |archive-date=November 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091729/https://www.ft.com/content/733bcaae-2a97-11e7-bc4b-5528796fe35c |url-status=live}}</ref> The Dakota had 85 co-op units by the 2010s. Some of the smaller apartments had been combined over the years, and several units were restored to their original layouts.<ref name="wsj-2017-11-29" /> The building's facade was again renovated starting in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Zoe |date=April 3, 2015 |title=The Iconic Dakota, Built in 1884, Is Getting Some Work Done |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2015/4/3/9974052/the-iconic-dakota-built-in-1884-is-getting-some-work-done |access-date=May 13, 2022 |website=Curbed NY |archive-date=July 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712004523/https://ny.curbed.com/2015/4/3/9974052/the-iconic-dakota-built-in-1884-is-getting-some-work-done |url-status=live}}</ref> The project was completed two years later for $32 million.<ref name="wsj-2017-11-29" />