Editing Stimulant (section)

=== Nicotine ===
{{Main|Nicotine}}

[[Nicotine]] is the active chemical constituent in [[tobacco]], which is available in many forms, including [[cigarette]]s, [[cigar]]s, [[chewing tobacco]], and [[smoking cessation]] aids such as [[nicotine patch]]es, [[nicotine gum]], and [[electronic cigarette]]s. Nicotine is used widely throughout the world for its stimulating and relaxing effects.  Nicotine exerts its effects through the agonism of [[nicotinic acetylcholine receptors]], resulting in multiple downstream effects such as increase in activity of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain [[reward system]], and acetaldehyde one of the tobacco constituent decreased the expression of [[monoamine oxidase]] in the brain.<ref name="pmid17382522">{{cite journal|last1=Talhouth|first1=Reinskje|last2=Opperhuizen|first2=Antoon|last3=van Amsterdam G. C.|first3=Jan|title=Role of acetaldehyde in tobacco smoke addiction|journal=European Neuropsychopharmacology|date=October 2007|volume=17|issue=10|pages=627–636|doi=10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.02.013|pmid=17382522|s2cid=25866206}}</ref>  Nicotine is addictive and dependence forming. Tobacco, the most common source of nicotine, has an overall harm to user and self score 3 percent below cocaine, and 13 percent above amphetamines, ranking 6th most harmful of the 20 drugs assessed, as determined by a multi-criteria decision analysis.<ref name="pmid21036393">{{cite journal|last1=Nutt|first1=David J.|last2=King|first2=Leslie A.|last3=Phillips|first3=Lawrence D.|title=Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis|journal=Lancet |date=6 November 2010|volume=376|issue=9752|pages=1558–1565|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6|pmid=21036393|issn=1474-547X|citeseerx=10.1.1.690.1283|s2cid=5667719}}</ref>