Editing Startup company (section)

==Ecosystem==
[[File:StartupEcosystem.png|thumb|A startup ecosystem can contribute to local entrepreneurial culture.]]

The size and maturity of the [[startup ecosystem]] is where a startup is launched and where it grows to have an effect on the volume and success of the startups. The startup ecosystem consists of the individuals (entrepreneurs, venture capitalists, [[Angel investing|angel investors]], mentors, advisors); institutions and organizations (top research universities and institutes, business schools and entrepreneurship programs and centres operated by universities and colleges, non-profit entrepreneurship support organizations, government entrepreneurship programs and services, [[Chambers of commerce]]) [[business incubator]]s and [[business accelerator]]s and top-performing entrepreneurial firms and startups. A region with all of these elements is considered to be a "strong" startup ecosystem.

One of the most famous startup ecosystems is [[Silicon Valley]] in California, where major computer and internet firms and top universities such as [[Stanford University]] create a stimulating startup environment. [[Boston]] (where [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] is located) and [[Berlin]], home of [[WISTA]] (a top research area), also have numerous [[Economy of Berlin#Creative industries|creative industries]], leading entrepreneurs and startup firms. Basically, attempts are being made worldwide, for example in Israel with its [[Silicon Wadi]], in France with the [[Inovallée]] or in Italy in [[Trieste]] with the [[AREA Science Park]], to network basic research, universities and technology parks in order to create a startup-friendly ecosystem.

Although there are startups created in all types of businesses, and all over the world, some locations and business sectors are particularly associated with startup companies. The [[internet bubble]] of the late 1990s was associated with huge numbers of internet startup companies, some selling the technology to provide internet access, others using the internet to provide services. Most of this startup activity was located in the most well-known startup ecosystem - [[Silicon Valley]], an area of northern California renowned for the high level of startup company activity:

{{blockquote|The spark that set off the explosive boom of "Silicon startups" in Stanford Industrial Park was a personal dispute in 1957 between employees of [[Shockley Semiconductor]] and the company's namesake and founder, Nobel laureate and co-inventor of the [[transistor]] [[William Shockley]]... (His employees) formed Fairchild Semiconductor immediately following their departure...

After several years, Fairchild gained its footing, becoming a formidable presence in this sector. Its founders began leaving to start companies based on their own latest ideas and were followed on this path by their own former leading employees... The process gained momentum and what had once begun in a Stanford's research park became a veritable startup avalanche... Thus, over the course of just 20 years, a mere eight of Shockley's former employees gave forth 65 new enterprises, which then went on to do the same...<ref name="Gregory">[http://www.netvalley.com/silicon_valley/Legal_Bridge_From_El_Dorado_to_Silicon_Valley.html A Legal Bridge Spanning 100 Years: From the Gold Mines of El Dorado to the 'Golden' Startups of Silicon Valley] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601012834/http://www.netvalley.com/silicon_valley/Legal_Bridge_From_El_Dorado_to_Silicon_Valley.html |date=2013-06-01 }} by Gregory Gromov 2010.</ref> }}

Startup advocates are also trying to build a community of tech startups in [[New York City]] with organizations like NY Tech Meet Up<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nytm.org/|title=NY Tech Alliance|website=nytm.org|access-date=2016-06-09|archive-date=2017-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324162600/https://nytm.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Built in NYC.<ref>Majewski, Taylor. [http://www.builtinnyc.com/2016/05/12/35-people-watch-nyc-tech " NYC tech's 35 people to watch in 2016"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616195901/http://www.builtinnyc.com/2016/05/12/35-people-watch-nyc-tech |date=2016-06-16 }}, builtinnyc, New York, 26 May 2016. Retrieved on 1 June 2016.</ref> In the early 2000s, the patent assets of failed startup companies were being purchased by people known as [[patent troll]]s, who assert those patents against companies that might be infringing the technology covered by the patents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Myth of the Patent Troll: An Alternative View of the Function of Patent Dealers in an Idea Economy | ssrn=959945 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=959945 |access-date=2023-08-02}}</ref>