Editing Specific heat capacity (section)

===Theoretical estimation===
The path integral Monte Carlo method is a numerical approach for determining the values of heat capacity, based on quantum dynamical principles. However, good approximations can be made for gases in many states using simpler methods outlined below. For many solids composed of relatively heavy atoms (atomic number > iron), at non-cryogenic temperatures, the heat capacity at room temperature approaches 3R = 24.94 joules per kelvin per mole of atoms (Dulong–Petit law, R is the gas constant). Low temperature approximations for both gases and solids at temperatures less than their characteristic Einstein temperatures or Debye temperatures can be made by the methods of Einstein and Debye discussed below.
*Water (liquid): CP = 4185.5&nbsp;J⋅K<sup>−1</sup>⋅kg<sup>−1</sup> (15&nbsp;°C, 101.325&nbsp;kPa)
*Water (liquid): CVH = 74.539&nbsp;J⋅K<sup>−1</sup>⋅mol<sup>−1</sup> (25&nbsp;°C)
For liquids and gases, it is important to know the pressure to which given heat capacity data refer. Most published data are given for standard pressure. However,  different standard conditions for temperature and pressure have been defined by different organizations. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) changed its recommendation from one atmosphere to the round value 100&nbsp;kPa (≈750.062&nbsp;Torr).<ref group="notes" name="gold">{{GoldBookRef|file=S05921|title= Standard Pressure}}.</ref>