Editing Spanish missions in California (section)

=== Expansion stopped ===

By 1819, Spain decided to limit its "reach" in the New World to [[Northern California]] due to the costs involved in sustaining these remote outposts; the northernmost settlement therefore is [[Mission San Francisco Solano (California)|Mission San Francisco Solano]], founded in Sonoma in 1823.<ref name="hittell499a">Hittell, p. 499</ref><ref group=notes>Hittell: "...it [Mission San Francisco Solano] was quite frequently known as the mission of Sonoma. From the beginning it was rather a military than a religious establishment—a sort of outpost or barrier, first against the Russians and afterwards against the Americans; but still a large adobe church was built and Indians were baptized."</ref>

An attempt to found a twenty-second mission in [[Santa Rosa, California|Santa Rosa]] in 1827 was aborted.<ref name="hittell499a"/><ref group=notes>Hittell: "By that time, it was found that the Russians were not such undesirable neighbors as in 1817 it was thought they might become...the Russian scare, for the time being at least was over; and as for the old enthusiasm for new spiritual conquests, there was none left."</ref><ref group=notes>Bennett 1897b, p. 154: "Up to 1817 the 'spiritual conquest' of California had been confined to the territory south of San Francisco Bay. And this, it might be said, was as far as possible under the mission system. There had been a few years prior to that time certain alarming incursions of the Russians, which distressed Spain, and it was ordered that missions be started across the bay."</ref><ref>Chapman, pp. 254–255</ref><ref group=notes>Chapman: "...the Russians and the English were by no means the only foreign peoples who threatened Spain's domination of the Pacific coast. The Indians and the Chinese had their opportunity before Spain appeared upon the scene. The Japanese were at one time a potential concern, and the Portuguese and Dutch voyagers occasionally gave Spain concern. The French for many years were the most dangerous enemy of all, but with their disappearance from North America in 1763, as a result of their defeat in the [[Seven Years' War]], they were no longer a menace. The people of the United States were eventually to become the most powerful outstanding element."</ref> In 1833, the final group of missionaries arrived in Alta California. These were Mexican-born (rather than Spaniards), and had been trained at the [[College of Guadalupe de Zacatecas|Apostolic College of Our Lady of Guadalupe]] in Zacatecas. Among these friars was [[Francisco García Diego y Moreno]], who would become the first bishop of the Diocese of Both Californias. These friars would bear the brunt of the changes brought on by secularization and the U.S. occupation, and many would be marked by allegations of corruption.<ref>Bacich, Damian. "The Zacatecan Franciscans in Alta California: A Misunderstood Legacy." [http://www.californiamissionstudies.com/Publications/Boletin_Contents.html Boletín: Journal of the California Mission Studies Association] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222084903/http://www.californiamissionstudies.com/Publications/Boletin_Contents.html |date=2015-02-22 }}, Vol. 28, Nos. 1&2, 2011–12</ref>