Editing Space Shuttle Columbia disaster (section)

== Legacy ==
<!-- Please don't list every memorial/naming/popular culture reference for the Columbia disaster. This is not meant to be a comprehensive list! -->
[[File:Columbia makeshift memorial.jpg|thumb|alt=entrance sign with flowers and bystanders|A makeshift memorial at the main entrance to the [[Johnson Space Center]] in [[Houston]], Texas]]
{{external media| float = right|width=230px| video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?174967-1/shuttle-columbia-memorial-service Shuttle Columbia Memorial Service, National Cathedral, February 6, 2003], [[C-SPAN]]}}
[[File:20240202 STS-107 Forever Remembered 542A1766.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=display with metal outlines of cockpit windows|''Columbia''{{'}}s window frames at the "Forever Remembered" exhibit at [[Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex|KSC Visitor Complex]]]]
On February 4, 2003, President [[George W. Bush|Bush]] and his wife [[Laura Bush|Laura]] led a memorial service for the astronauts' families at the [[Johnson Space Center]]. Two days later, Vice President [[Dick Cheney]] and his wife [[Lynne Cheney|Lynne]] led a similar service at [[Washington National Cathedral]]. [[Patti LaBelle]] sang "Way Up There" as part of the service.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0302/06/se.03.html|title=Remembering the Columbia 7: Washington National Cathedral Memorial for Astronauts|date=February 6, 2003|access-date=September 15, 2011|work=CNN|first=Judy|last=Woodruff|author-link=Judy Woodruff|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113193826/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0302/06/se.03.html|archive-date=January 13, 2012}}</ref> A memorial service was held at KSC on February 7; [[Robert Crippen]], the first pilot of ''Columbia'', gave a eulogy for the crew and a tribute for ''Columbia'' herself, acknowledging her achievements as the first orbiter and NASA's flagship, her role in trying desperately to save the crew on STS-107, and her many missions dedicated to scientific research.{{r|columbia_home|page=155}} On October 28, 2003, the names of the crew were added to the [[Space Mirror Memorial]] at the [[Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex|KSC Visitor Complex]] in [[Merritt Island, Florida]], alongside the names of 17 other astronauts and cosmonauts who have died in the line of duty.<ref name="space_mirror">{{cite web
  | last = Armstrong
  | first = Dennis
  | title = STS-107 Crew Members Will Shine Permanently on Space Mirror
  | publisher = NASA
  | date = October 28, 2003
| url = https://www.nasa.gov/columbia/home/107_mirror.html
  | accessdate = August 21, 2022
| archive-date = May 8, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220508234514/https://www.nasa.gov/columbia/home/107_mirror.html
  | url-status = dead
  }}</ref> On February 2, 2004, NASA Administrator O'Keefe unveiled a memorial for the STS-107 crew at [[Arlington National Cemetery]], and it is located near the ''Challenger'' memorial.<ref name="arlington_memorial">{{cite web
  | last = Wilson
  | first = Jim
  | title = NASA Dedicates Space Shuttle Columbia Memorial
  | publisher = NASA
  | date = February 2, 2004
| url = https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/feb/HQ_04049_columbia_memorial.html
  | accessdate = August 21, 2022
| archive-date = April 15, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210415151008/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/feb/HQ_04049_columbia_memorial.html
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> A tree for each astronaut was planted in NASA's Astronaut Memorial Grove at the Johnson Space Center, along with trees for each astronaut from the [[Apollo 1]] and ''Challenger'' disasters.<ref name="memorial_grove">{{cite web
  | last = Mikati
  | first = Massarah
  | title = Memorial Grove at Johnson Space Center offers tribute to late astronauts
  | work = [[Houston Chronicle]]
  | date = May 7, 2019
| url = https://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/space/mission-moon/article/Where-NASA-honors-its-fallen-Memorial-grove-at-13818043.php
  | access-date = July 19, 2021
| archive-date = July 19, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210719083636/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/space/mission-moon/article/Where-NASA-honors-its-fallen-Memorial-grove-at-13818043.php
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> The exhibit ''Forever Remembered'' at KSC Visitor Complex features the cockpit window frames from ''Columbia''.<ref name="forever_remembered">{{cite web
  | title = Forever Remembered
  | publisher = NASA
  | date = 2022
  | url = https://www.kennedyspacecenter.com/explore-attractions/shuttle-a-ship-like-no-other/forever-remembered
  | accessdate = August 21, 2022
| archive-date = May 15, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220515020707/https://www.kennedyspacecenter.com/explore-attractions/shuttle-a-ship-like-no-other/forever-remembered
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> In 2004, Bush conferred posthumous [[Congressional Space Medal of Honor|Congressional Space Medals of Honor]] to all 14 crew members killed in the ''Challenger'' and ''Columbia'' accidents.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://history.nasa.gov/spacemedal.htm |title=Congressional Space Medal of Honor |publisher=NASA History Program Office |access-date=August 21, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220213828/http://history.nasa.gov/spacemedal.htm |archive-date=February 20, 2011}}</ref>

NASA named several places in honor of ''Columbia'' and the crew. Seven [[asteroid]]s discovered in July 2001 were named after astronauts: [[51823 Rickhusband]], [[51824 Mikeanderson]], [[51825 Davidbrown]], [[51826 Kalpanachawla]], [[51827 Laurelclark]], [[51828 Ilanramon]], [[51829 Williemccool]].<ref name="asteroids_nasa">{{cite web| publisher=NASA|last=Wilson|first=Jim|access-date=December 16, 2022| date=August 6, 2003| title=Asteroids Dedicated To Space Shuttle Columbia Crew| url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2003/aug/HQ_03259_astroids_dedicated.html| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216112444/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2003/aug/HQ_03259_astroids_dedicated.html| archive-date=December 16, 2022| df=mdy-all}}</ref> On [[Mars]], the landing site of the [[Mars Exploration Rover Mission|rover]] ''[[Spirit (rover)|Spirit]]'' was named ''Columbia'' Memorial Station, and included a memorial plaque to the ''Columbia'' crew mounted on the back of the high gain antenna.<ref name="spirit_plaque">{{cite web
  | last = Armstrong
  | first = Dennis
  | title = Spirit Honors the Crew of Space Shuttle Columbia
  | publisher = NASA
  | date = January 8, 2004
| url = https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_marsplaque.html
  | accessdate = August 21, 2022
| archive-date = December 18, 2016
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20161218171043/https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_marsplaque.html
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> A complex of seven hills east of the ''Spirit'' landing site was dubbed the [[Columbia Hills (Mars)|Columbia Hills]]; each of the seven hills was individually named for a member of the crew,<ref name="columbia_hills">{{cite web
  | last = Wilson
  | first = Jim
  | title = NASA Dedicates Mars Landmarks To Columbia Crew
  | publisher = NASA
  | date = February 2, 2004
| url = https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/feb/HQ_04048_columbia_landmarks.html
  | accessdate = August 21, 2022
| archive-date = June 27, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220627193421/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/feb/HQ_04048_columbia_landmarks.html
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> and the rover explored the summit of [[Husband Hill]] in 2005.<ref name="husband_hill">{{cite web
  | title = NASA's Mars Rover Spirit's View Southward from Husband Hill
  | publisher = NASA
  | date = January 23, 2014
| url = https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/5910/nasas-mars-rover-spirits-view-southward-from-husband-hill/
  | accessdate = August 21, 2022
| archive-date = September 26, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210926113000/https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/5910/nasas-mars-rover-spirits-view-southward-from-husband-hill/
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> In 2006, the [[International Astronomical Union|IAU]] approved naming seven lunar craters after the astronauts.<ref name="lunar_craters">{{cite web
  | title = Names for the Columbia astronauts provisionally approved
  | publisher = [[USGS]]
  | date = March 23, 2006
| url = https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/news/nomenclature/names-for-the-columbia-astronauts-provisionally-approved
  | accessdate = August 21, 2022
| archive-date = July 9, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220709152009/https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/news/nomenclature/names-for-the-columbia-astronauts-provisionally-approved
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref>

In February 2006, NASA's National Scientific Balloon Facility was renamed the [[Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility]].<ref name="csbf">{{cite web
  | last = Johnson
  | first = Michelle
  | title = The CSBF Mission, History, and Accomplishments
  | publisher = NASA
  | date = February 3, 2021
| url = https://www.csbf.nasa.gov/mission.html
  | accessdate = August 21, 2022
| archive-date = April 14, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210414134156/https://www.csbf.nasa.gov/mission.html
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> A [[supercomputer]] built in 2004 at the [[NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division]] was named "[[Columbia (supercomputer)|Columbia]]".<ref name="columbia_computer">{{cite web
  | last = Dunbar
  | first = Bryan
  | title = NASA Unveils Its Newest, Most Powerful Supercomputer
  | publisher = NASA
  | date = October 26, 2004
| url = https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/oct/HQ_04353_columbia.html
  | accessdate = August 22, 2022
| archive-date = July 30, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220730043542/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/oct/HQ_04353_columbia.html
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> The first part of the system, named "[[Kalpana (supercomputer)|Kalpana]]", was dedicated to Chawla, who had worked at the [[Ames Research Center]] before joining the Space Shuttle program.<ref name=kalpana_computer>{{cite web|url=http://www.nas.nasa.gov/publications/news/2004/05-10-04.html|title=NASA to Name Supercomputer After Columbia Astronaut|last=Mewhinney|first=Michael|publisher=NASA|date=May 10, 2004|access-date=August 22, 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317094512/http://www.nas.nasa.gov/publications/news/2004/05-10-04.html|archive-date=March 17, 2013}}</ref> The first dedicated meteorological satellite launched by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO), Metsat-1, was renamed to [[Kalpana-1]] on February 5, 2003, after Chawla.<ref name="isro_kalpana">{{cite web
  | title = Kalpana-1
  | publisher = Indian Space Research Organisation
  | date = 2022
  | url = https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/kalpana-1
  | accessdate = August 21, 2022
| archive-date = August 12, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220812014948/https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/kalpana-1
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref><ref name="nasa_kalpana">{{cite web
  | last = Williams
  | first = David R.
  | title = Kalpana 1
  | publisher = NASA
  | date = April 27, 2022
| url = https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2002-043A
  | accessdate = August 21, 2022
| archive-date = April 22, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210422025916/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2002-043A
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref>

In 2003, the airport in [[Amarillo, Texas]], where Husband was from, was renamed to the [[Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport]].<ref name="amarillo_airport">{{cite news
  | last = Watkins
  | first = Matthew
  | title = New exhibit honoring Rick Husband unveiled
  | work = ABC 7
  | date = August 29, 2018
| url = https://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/new-exhibit-honoring-rick-husband-unveiled
  | accessdate = August 21, 2022
| archive-date = August 22, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220822140143/https://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/new-exhibit-honoring-rick-husband-unveiled
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> A mountain peak in the [[Sangre de Cristo Range]] in the [[Southern Rocky Mountains|Colorado Rockies]] was renamed [[Columbia Point]] in 2003.<ref name="columbia_point">{{cite web
  | title = Secretary Norton and Nasa Administrator O'Keefe Announce "Columbia Point" In Honor of Space Shuttle Columbia
  | publisher = [[U.S. Department of Interior]]
  | date = June 10, 2003
| url = https://www.doi.gov/sites/default/files/archive/news/archive/03_News_Releases/030610a.htm#:~:text=%22Today%2C%20we%20name%20a%20point,for%20this%20shuttle%27s%20last%20voyage.
  | accessdate = August 21, 2022
| archive-date = August 22, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220822140139/https://www.doi.gov/sites/default/files/archive/news/archive/03_News_Releases/030610a.htm#:~:text=%22Today%2C%20we%20name%20a%20point,for%20this%20shuttle%27s%20last%20voyage.
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> In October 2004, both houses of Congress passed a resolution to change the name of [[Downey, California]]'s Space Science Learning Center to the [[Columbia Memorial Space Center]], which is located at the former manufacturing site of the Space Shuttle orbiters.<ref name="downey_bill">{{cite web
  | title = PUBLIC LAW 108–391
  | publisher = US Congress
  | date = October 30, 2004
| url = https://www.congress.gov/108/plaws/publ391/PLAW-108publ391.pdf
  | accessdate = August 22, 2022
| archive-date = July 9, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220709163552/http://www.congress.gov/108/plaws/publ391/PLAW-108publ391.pdf
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref><ref name="downey-museum">{{cite news
  | last = Barragan
  | first = James
  | title = Downey space museum is struggling to survive
  | work = Los Angeles Times
  | date = February 14, 2014
| url = https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-downey-space-museum-20140214-story.html
  | accessdate = May 31, 2022
| archive-date = May 31, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220531064515/https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-downey-space-museum-20140214-story.html
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref>

On April 1, 2003, the [[Opening Day]] of baseball season, the [[Houston Astros]] honored the ''Columbia'' crew by having seven simultaneous [[ceremonial first pitch|first pitches]] thrown by family and friends of the crew. During the singing of the [[The Star-Spangled Banner|national anthem]], 107 NASA personnel carried a U.S. flag onto the field.<ref name="astros-opener">{{cite web| title=Astros Honor Astronauts at Season Opener| url=http://www.nasa.gov/vision/space/features/HP_ELT_Feature_astros.html| publisher=NASA| access-date=May 31, 2022|date=November 30, 2007|last=Wilson|first=Jim| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003074949/http://www1.nasa.gov/vision/space/features/HP_ELT_Feature_astros.html| archive-date=October 3, 2006| df=mdy-all}}</ref> The Astros wore the mission patch on their sleeves the [[2003 Houston Astros season|entire season]].<ref name="mission-patch-season">{{cite news
  | title = Astros to Wear Shuttle's Mission Patch
  | work = The Edwardsville Intelligencer
  | date = February 23, 2003
| url = https://www.theintelligencer.com/news/article/Astros-to-Wear-Shuttle-s-Mission-Patch-10564416.php
  | accessdate = May 31, 2022
| archive-date = July 27, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220727191524/https://www.theintelligencer.com/news/article/Astros-to-Wear-Shuttle-s-Mission-Patch-10564416.php
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> On February 1, 2004, the first anniversary of the ''Columbia'' disaster, [[Super Bowl XXXVIII]] held in Houston's [[NRG Stadium|Reliant Stadium]] began with a pregame tribute to the crew of the ''Columbia'' by singer [[Josh Groban]] performing "[[You Raise Me Up]]", with the crew of STS-114 in attendance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A4292-2004Feb1.html|title=Columbia Astronauts Honored at Super Bowl|last=Babineck|first=Mark|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=February 1, 2004|access-date=August 21, 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223043118/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A4292-2004Feb1.html|archive-date=December 23, 2017}}</ref><ref name="raise-me-up">{{cite news
  | last = Maese
  | first = Rick
  | title = Mixed Emotions
  | work = Los Angeles Times
  | date = February 1, 2004
| url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-feb-01-sp-houston1-story.html
  | url-access = subscription
  | accessdate = August 22, 2022
| archive-date = July 24, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220724081422/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-feb-01-sp-houston1-story.html
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref>

In 2004, two space journalists, Michael Cabbage and William Harwood, released their book, ''Comm Check: The Final Flight of Shuttle Columbia''. It discusses the history of the Space Shuttle program, and documents the post-disaster recovery and investigation efforts.<ref name="comm_check_review">{{cite news
  | last = Weinberg
  | first = Steve
  | title = 'Comm Check' by Michael Cabbage and William Harwood
  | work = Houston Chronicle
  | date = January 25, 2004
| url = https://www.chron.com/life/article/Comm-Check-by-Michael-Cabbage-and-William-1970664.php
  | accessdate = November 28, 2022
| archive-date = November 28, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221128144627/https://www.chron.com/life/article/Comm-Check-by-Michael-Cabbage-and-William-1970664.php
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> Michael Leinbach, a retired [[Launch Control Center#Launch Director|Launch Director]] at KSC who was working on the day of the disaster, released ''Bringing Columbia Home: The Untold Story of a Lost Space Shuttle and Her Crew'' in 2018. It documents his personal experience during the disaster, and the debris and remains recovery efforts.{{r|columbia_home}}<ref name="leinbach_book_review">{{cite web
  | last = Foust
  | first = Jeff
  | title = Review: Bringing Columbia Home
  | publisher = The Space Review
  | date = May 21, 2018
| url = https://thespacereview.com/article/3496/1
  | accessdate = November 28, 2022
| archive-date = January 15, 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230115201740/https://thespacereview.com/article/3496/1
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref>

In 2004, the documentary ''[[Columbia: The Tragic Loss]]'' was released; it told of the life of Ilan Ramon and focused on the issues in NASA management that led to the disaster.<ref name="variety_doc_review">{{cite web
  | last = Leydon
  | first = Joe
  | title = Columbia: The Tragic Loss
  | publisher = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]
  | date = June 7, 2004
| url = https://variety.com/2004/film/reviews/columbia-the-tragic-loss-1200532974/
  | accessdate = November 28, 2022
| archive-date = January 15, 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230115201739/https://variety.com/2004/film/reviews/columbia-the-tragic-loss-1200532974/
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> [[PBS]] released a [[Nova (American TV program)|Nova]] documentary, ''Space Shuttle Disaster'', in 2008. It featured commentary from NASA officials and space experts, and discussed historical issues with the spacecraft and NASA.<ref name="nova_documentary">{{cite web
  | title = Space Shuttle Disaster
  | publisher = [[PBS]]
  | date = June 22, 2011
| url = https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/space-shuttle-disaster.html
  | accessdate = November 28, 2022
| archive-date = January 15, 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230115201740/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/space-shuttle-disaster.html
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref>

The Scottish Celtic-Rock band [[Runrig]] included a song titled "Somewhere" on their album ''[[The Story (Runrig album)|The Story]]'' that ends with a recording of a radio communication from Laurel Clark. Clark, who had become a fan of the band when she lived in Scotland, had a Runrig song "Running to the Light" play as her wakeup music on January 27; her CD of ''[[The Stamping Ground]]'' was recovered in the debris and presented to the band by Clark's husband and son.<ref name=scotsman>{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/culture/music/skye-rockers-runrig-prepare-for-their-final-album-1-4016107|title=Skye rockers Runrig prepare for their final album|work=[[The Scotsman]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017024722/http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/culture/music/skye-rockers-runrig-prepare-for-their-final-album-1-4016107|archive-date=October 17, 2016|last=Gilchrist|first=Jim|date=January 30, 2016|access-date=November 17, 2022}}</ref><ref name="times_runrig">{{cite news
  | last = English
  | first = Paul
  | title = Doomed Columbia astronaut listened to Runrig in space hours before disaster
  | work = [[The Times]]
  | date = November 13, 2021
| url = https://www.thetimes.com/culture/music/article/doomed-columbia-astronaut-listened-to-runrig-in-space-hours-before-disaster-cx0p8n3w0
  | access-date = August 22, 2022
| archive-date = December 18, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211218153912/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/doomed-columbia-astronaut-listened-to-runrig-in-space-hours-before-disaster-cx0p8n3w0
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref><ref name="wakeup_music">{{cite web
  | title = Chronology of Wakeup Calls
  | last = Fries
  | first = Colin
  | publisher = NASA
  | date = March 13, 2015
| url = https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf
  | accessdate = August 22, 2022
| archive-date = June 20, 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100620230459/http://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref>