Editing Slovenia (section)

== Government and politics ==
{{Main|Politics of Slovenia}}<!--Please add new information to relevant articles of the series-->
{{See also|Foreign relations of Slovenia}}
{{multiple image
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| image1            = Nataša Pirc Musar (2023-05-19).jpg
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| alt1              = Nataša Pirc Musar
| caption1          = [[Nataša Pirc Musar]]<br /><small>[[President of Slovenia|President]]</small>
| image2            = Novinarska konferenca po sestanku o energetski samooskrbi - 30.1.2024 - Robert Golob (cropped).jpg
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| alt2              = Robert Golob
| caption2          = [[Robert Golob]]<br /><small>[[Prime Minister of Slovenia|Prime Minister]]</small>
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Slovenia is a [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] republic with a [[multi-party system]]. The [[head of state]] is the [[President of Slovenia|president]], who is elected by popular vote and has an important integrative role.<ref name="Furtlehner">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uQafEg3TQJUC&pg=PA126 |title=Compliance in the Enlarged European Union: Living Rights Or Dead Letters? |editor1-first=Gerda |editor1-last=Falkner |editor2-first=Oliver |editor2-last=Treib |editor3-first=Elizabeth |editor3-last=Holzleithner |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7546-7509-9 |pages=126–127 |chapter=Slovenia |first=Petra |last=Furtlehner}}</ref> The president is elected for five years and at maximum for two consecutive terms. The president has a representative role and is the commander-in-chief of the [[Military of Slovenia|Slovenian armed forces]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M3A-xgf1yM4C&pg=PA832 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of World Constitutions |editor-first=Gerhard |editor-last=Robbers |article=Slovenia |first=Lovro |last=Šturm |title=The President of the Republic |year=2006 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-0-8160-6078-8 |page=832}}</ref>

The executive and [[Administration (government)|administrative]] authority in Slovenia is held by the [[Government of Slovenia]] (''{{lang|sl|Vlada Republike Slovenije}}''),<ref name="Borak2004"/> headed by the [[Prime Minister of Slovenia|Prime Minister]] and the council of ministers or cabinet, who are elected by the [[National Assembly (Slovenia)|National Assembly]] ({{lang|sl|Državni zbor Republike Slovenije}}). The legislative authority is held by the [[bicameral]] [[Parliament of Slovenia]], characterised by an asymmetric duality.{{clarify|date=April 2014}}<ref name="Prunk2007">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dzAWAQAAMAAJ |title=Facts about Slovenia |first1=Janko |last1=Prunk |first2=Jernej |last2=Pikalo |first3=Marko |last3=Milosavljevič |year=2007 |publisher=Government Communication Office, Government of the Republic of Slovenia |isbn=978-961-6435-45-1 |page=23}}</ref> The bulk of power is concentrated in the National Assembly, which consists of ninety members. Of those, 88 are elected by all the citizens in a system of [[proportional representation]], whereas two are elected by the registered members of the [[indigenism|autochthonous]] Hungarian and Italian [[Ethnic Minorities|minorities]]. Elections take place every four years. The [[National Council (Slovenia)|National Council]] (''{{lang|sl|Državni svet Republike Slovenije}}''), consisting of forty members, appointed to represent social, economic, professional and local interest groups, has a limited advisory and control power.<ref name="Prunk2007"/>
The 1992–2004 period was marked by the rule of the [[Liberal Democracy of Slovenia]], which was responsible for gradual transition from the [[Titoism|Titoist]] economy to the capitalist market economy. It later attracted much criticism by neo-liberal economists, who demanded a less gradual approach. The party's president [[Janez Drnovšek]], who served as prime minister between 1992 and 2002, was one of the most influential Slovenian politicians of the 1990s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rtvslo.si/slovenija/zivljenje-janeza-drnovska/79437 |title=Življenje Janeza Drnovška :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija |publisher=Rtvslo.si |access-date=2 June 2012}}</ref> alongside President [[Milan Kučan]] (who served between 1990 and 2002).<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OegWny-r8TEC&pg=PA30 |title=Democratic Transition in Slovenia: Value Transformation, Education, And Media |first1=Sabrina |last1=P. Ramet |first2=Danica |last2=Fink-Hafner |chapter=Key Trends in Slovenian Politics, 1988 – 2004 |page=30 |isbn=9781585445257 |date=15 September 2006 |publisher=Texas A&M University Press }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6bz5M7-d7icC&pg=PA174 |title=The Politics of Central Europe |first=Attila |last=Ágh |chapter=The Regions in Comparative Transition |publisher=SAGE |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7619-5032-5}}</ref>

The 2005–2008 period was characterized by over-enthusiasm after joining the EU. During the first term of [[Janez Janša]]'s government, for the first time after independence, the Slovenian banks saw their [[loan-deposit ratio]]s veering out of control. There was over-borrowing from foreign banks and then over-crediting of customers, including local [[business magnate]]s. After the onset of the [[Great Recession]] and [[European sovereign-debt crisis]], the left-wing coalition that replaced Janša's government in the 2008 elections, had to face the consequences of the 2005–2008 over-borrowing. Attempts to implement reforms that would help economic recovery were met by student protesters, led by a student who later became a member of [[Janez Janša]]'s [[Slovenska demokratska stranka|SDS]], and by the trade unions. The proposed reforms were postponed in a referendum. The left-wing government was ousted with a vote of no confidence.

In March 2020, Janez Janša became prime minister for third time in the new coalition government of SDS, the [[Modern Centre Party]] (SMC), [[New Slovenia]] (NSi) and Pensioners' Party (DeSUS).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.total-slovenia-news.com/politics/5762-jansa-sworn-in-as-slovenia-s-prime-minister-designate|title = Janša Sworn in as Slovenia's Prime Minister-Designate}}</ref> Janez Janša was known as a right-wing populist and a supporter of former US President [[Donald Trump]] and right-wing Prime Minister [[Viktor Orbán|Viktor Orban]] of Hungary.<ref>{{cite news |title=Janez Jansa: Slovenia votes out pro-Trump populist |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61214175 |work=BBC News |date=25 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Orbán Meeting Jansa: "We are not troublemakers, merely stronger than we were" |url=https://hungarytoday.hu/orban-jansa-meeting-talks-slovenia-not-troublemakers/ |website=Hungary Today |language=en |date=21 February 2022}}</ref> In April 2022, liberal opposition, the [[Freedom Movement (Slovenia)|Freedom Movement]], won the parliamentary [[2022 Slovenian parliamentary election|election]]. The Freedom Movement won 34.5% of the vote, compared with 23.6% for Janša's [[Slovenian Democratic Party|Slovenian Democratic party]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Slovenia's Janša defeated by opposition liberal Freedom Movement |url=https://www.euronews.com/2022/04/24/slovenians-out-to-vote-with-no-single-party-projected-to-rule-without-coalition |work=euronews |date=24 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> On 25 May 2022, Slovenia's parliament voted to appoint the leader of Freedom Movement, [[Robert Golob]], as the new [[Prime Minister of Slovenia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Slovenian lawmakers approve liberal-green leader as new PM |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/ap-janez-jansa-ljubljana-european-union-b2087473.html |work=The Independent |date=25 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Judiciary ===
{{Main|Judiciary of Slovenia|Law enforcement in Slovenia}}
Judicial powers in Slovenia are executed by judges, who are elected by the National Assembly. Judicial power in Slovenia is implemented by courts with general responsibilities and specialised courts that deal with matters relating to specific legal areas. The [[State's Attorney|State Prosecutor]] is an independent state authority responsible for prosecuting cases brought against those suspected of committing criminal offences. The [[Constitutional Court of Slovenia|Constitutional Court]], composed of nine judges elected for nine-year terms, decides on the conformity of laws with the Constitution; all laws and regulations must also conform with the general principles of international law and with ratified international agreements.<ref name="culture.si"/>

=== Military ===
{{main|Military of Slovenia}}
The [[Slovenian Armed Forces]] provide military defence independently or within an alliance, in accordance with international agreements. Since conscription was abolished in 2003, it is organized as a fully professional [[standing army]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Central Intelligence Agency |title=The CIA World Factbook 2010 |title-link=The CIA World Factbook |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing Inc |year=2009 |page=[https://archive.org/details/ciaworldfactbook0000unit/page/617 617] |isbn=978-1-60239-727-9 |author-link=Central Intelligence Agency }}</ref> The [[Commander-in-Chief]] is the [[President of Slovenia|President of the Republic of Slovenia]], while operational command is in the domain of the [[Chief of the General Staff (Slovenia)|Chief of the General Staff]] of the Slovenian Armed Forces. In 2016, military spending was an estimated 0.91% of the country's GDP. Since joining [[NATO]], the Slovenian Armed Forces have taken a more active part in supporting international peace. They have participated in peace support operations and humanitarian activities. Among others, Slovenian soldiers are part of the international forces serving in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Kosovo]], and [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slovenskavojska.si/en/international-cooperation/ |title=International Cooperation |publisher=Slovenian Armed Forces |access-date=15 February 2011 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224152917/http://www.slovenskavojska.si/en/international-cooperation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to the 2024 [[Global Peace Index]], the country is the 9th most peaceful country in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Global Peace Index |url=https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GPI-2024-web.pdf}}</ref>

=== Administrative divisions and traditional regions ===

{{Main|Statistical regions of Slovenia|Municipalities of Slovenia}}
[[File:Slokfor.jpg|thumb|right|[[Slovenian Armed Forces|(SAF), Slovenian KFOR]] contingent in [[Kosovo]]]]

==== Municipalities ====
Officially, Slovenia is subdivided into 212 municipalities (twelve of which have the status of urban municipalities). The municipalities are the only bodies of local autonomy in Slovenia. Each municipality is headed by a mayor (''župan''), elected every four years by popular vote, and a municipal council (''občinski svet''). In the majority of municipalities, the municipal council is elected through the system of [[proportional representation]]; only a few smaller municipalities use the [[plurality voting system]]. In the urban municipalities, the municipal councils are called town (or city) councils.<ref name="www2.gov.si">{{cite web|url=http://www2.gov.si/zak/Zak_vel.nsf/0/660b7ab7cbd45736c125662d0037c142?OpenDocument |title=Sprejet zakon |publisher=.gov.si |date=13 July 2000 |access-date=2 June 2012}}</ref> Every municipality also has a Head of the Municipal Administration (''načelnik občinske uprave''), appointed by the mayor, who is responsible for the functioning of the local administration.<ref name="www2.gov.si"/>

==== Administrative divisions ====
There is no official intermediate unit between the municipalities and the Republic of Slovenia. The 62 administrative districts, officially called "Administrative Units" (''upravne enote''), are only subdivisions of the national government administration and are named after their respective bases of government offices.<ref>{{cite web |title=Upravne enote {{!}} GOV.SI |url=https://www.gov.si/drzavni-organi/upravne-enote/ |website=Portal GOV.SI |publisher=Government of Slovenia |access-date=20 November 2024 |language=sl}}</ref>

==== Traditional regions and identities<!-- See also https://slovenia.si/this-is-slovenia/slovenian-regions/ --> ====
Slovenia's traditional regions are based on the former [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] [[crown land]]s, which included [[Carniola]], [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]], [[Styria (duchy)|Styria]], and the [[Slovene Littoral|Littoral]]. Stronger than with either Carniola as a whole, or with Slovenia as a state, Slovenes tend to identify themselves with the traditional regions of the [[Slovene Littoral]], [[Prekmurje]], and traditional (sub)regions, such as Upper Carniola, Lower Carniola, and, to a lesser extent, Inner Carniola.<ref name="Repe_deželani_ali_državljani">Repe, Božo (2003) [http://sistory.si/?urn=SISTORY:ID:5288 Od deželana do državljana: Regionalni razvoj Slovencev v letih 1918–1991] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223100928/http://sistory.si/?urn=SISTORY:ID:5288 |date=23 February 2013 }}, Zgodovinski časopis, 3–4, Ljubljana.</ref>

The capital city Ljubljana was historically the administrative seat of Carniola and belonged to [[Inner Carniola]],<ref name="Mehle">{{cite news |last1=Mehle Mihovec |first1=Barbka |title=Kje so naše meje? |url=http://arhiv.gorenjskiglas.si/article/20080319/C/303199950/kje-so-nase-meje |access-date=19 December 2018 |work=Gorenjski glas |date=19 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219140756/http://arhiv.gorenjskiglas.si/article/20080319/C/303199950/kje-so-nase-meje |archive-date=19 December 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> except for the Šentvid district, which was in [[Upper Carniola]] and also where the border between German-annexed territory and the Italian [[Province of Ljubljana]] was during the [[Second World War]].<ref name="Mehle"/>

==== Statistical regions ====
[[File:Slovenia, administrative divisions - Nmbrs (statistical regions) - colored.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Statistical regions: 1.&nbsp;Gorizia, 2.&nbsp;Upper Carniola, 3.&nbsp;Carinthia, 4.&nbsp;Drava, 5.&nbsp;Mura, 6.&nbsp;Central Slovenia, 7.&nbsp;Central Sava, 8.&nbsp;Savinja, 9.&nbsp;Coastal–Karst, 10.&nbsp;Inner Carniola–Karst, 11.&nbsp;Southeast Slovenia, 12.&nbsp;Lower Sava]]
The 12 ''statistical regions'' have no administrative function and are subdivided into two macroregions for the purpose of the [[Regional policy of the European Union]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-RA-07-020/EN/KS-RA-07-020-EN.PDF |title=Regions in the European Union: Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics |publisher=European Commission |access-date=25 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221195504/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-RA-07-020/EN/KS-RA-07-020-EN.PDF |archive-date=21 February 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
These two macroregions are:
*[[Eastern Slovenia]] (''Vzhodna Slovenija'' – SI01), which groups the Mura, Drava, Carinthia, Savinja, Central Sava, Lower Sava, Southeast Slovenia, and Inner Carniola–Karst statistical regions.
*[[Western Slovenia]] (''Zahodna Slovenija'' – SI02), which groups the Central Slovenia, Upper Carniola, Gorizia, and Coastal–Karst statistical regions.
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