Editing Salzburg (section)

==Architecture==
[[File:Salzburg - Panorama (nachts)2.jpg|thumb|View from [[Mönchsberg]] (left to right), [[Kollegienkirche, Salzburg|Kollegienkirche]] (right behind [[Salzburg Cathedral|Salzburger Dom]]), [[Franciscan Church, Graz|Franziskanerkirche]], [[St Peter's Abbey, Salzburg]] and, in the background, [[Hohensalzburg Fortress]]]]
[[File:View of Salzburg from Fortress Hohensalzburg.jpg|thumb|View from Hohensalzburg Fortress]]

===Romanesque and Gothic===
The [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] and [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] [[Church (building)|churches]], the [[Monastery|monasteries]] and the early carcass houses dominated the [[medieval]] city for a long time. The Cathedral of [[Archbishop]] [[Conrad of Wittelsbach]] was the largest [[basilica]] north of the [[Alps]]. The choir of the [[Franciscan Church, Salzburg|Franciscan Church]], construction was begun by [[Hans von Burghausen]] and completed by [[mw:de:Stephan Krumenauer|Stephan Krumenauer]], is one of the most prestigious religious gothic constructions of southern Germany. At the end of the Gothic era [[Nonnberg Abbey]], the Margaret Chapel in [[St Peter's Abbey, Salzburg|St Peter's Abbey]], St George's Chapel, and the stately halls of the "Hoher Stock" in [[Hohensalzburg Fortress]] were constructed.

===Renaissance and baroque===
Inspired by [[Vincenzo Scamozzi]], Prince-Archbishop [[Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau]] began to transform the medieval town to the architectural ideals of the late [[Renaissance]]. Plans for a massive cathedral by Scamozzi failed to materialize upon the fall of the archbishop. A second cathedral planned by [[Santino Solari]] rose as the first early [[Baroque]] church in Salzburg. It served as an example for many other churches in Southern [[Germany]] and [[Austria]]. [[mw:de:Markus Sittikus von Hohenems (Salzburg)|Markus Sittikus]] and [[mw:de:Paris von Lodron|Paris von Lodron]] continued to rebuild the city with major projects such as [[Hellbrunn Palace]], the prince archbishop's residence, the university buildings, fortifications, and many other buildings. Giovanni Antonio Daria managed by order of Prince Archbishop Guido von Thun the construction of the residential well. Giovanni [[mw:de:Gaspare Zuccalli|Gaspare Zuccalli]], by order of the same archbishop, created the Erhard and the Kajetan church in the south of the town. The city's redesign was completed with buildings designed by [[Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach]], donated by Prince Archbishop Johann Ernst von Thun.

After the era of Ernst von Thun, the city's expansion came to a halt, which is the reason why there are no churches built in the [[Rococo]] style. [[Sigismund von Schrattenbach]] continued with the construction of "Sigmundstor" and the statue of holy Maria on the cathedral square. With the fall and division of the former "Fürsterzbistum Salzburg" (Archbishopric) to [[Upper Austria]], [[Bavaria]] (Rupertigau) and [[Tyrol (region)|Tyrol]] (Zillertal Matrei) began a long period of urban stagnancy. This era didn't end before the period of promoterism (''[[Gründerzeit]]'') brought new life into urban development. The builder dynasty [[mw:de:Jakob Ceconi|Jakob Ceconi]] and [[mw:de:Carl Freiherr von Schwarz|Carl Freiherr von Schwarz]] filled major positions in shaping the city in this era.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visit-salzburg.net/travel/architecture.htm |title=Architecture : Salzburg Sights by Period |publisher=Visit-salzburg.net |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>

===Classical modernism and post-war modernism===

Buildings of classical [[Modern architecture|modernism]] and in particular, post-war modernism is frequently encountered in Salzburg. Examples are the Zahnwurzen house (a house in the Linzergasse&nbsp;22 in the right center of the old town), the "Lepi" (public baths in ''Leopoldskron'') (built 1964), and the original 1957 constructed congress-center of Salzburg, which was replaced by a new building in 2001. An important and famous example of the architecture of this era is the 1960 opening of the [[Großes Festspielhaus]] by [[Clemens Holzmeister]].

===Contemporary architecture===
Adding [[contemporary architecture]] to Salzburg's old town without risking its UNESCO World Heritage status is problematic. Nevertheless, some new structures have been added: the [[Mozarteum]] at the Baroque [[Mirabell Palace|Mirabell Garden]] (Architecture Robert Rechenauer),<ref>[http://www.rechenauer-architektur.de/Site/framset.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506203826/http://www.rechenauer-architektur.de/Site/framset.html|date=6 May 2012}}</ref> the 2001 Congress House (Architecture: Freemasons), the 2011 Unipark Nonntal (Architecture: Storch Ehlers Partners), the 2001 "Makartsteg" bridge (Architecture: HALLE1), and the "Residential and Studio House" of the architects [[mw:de:Christine Lechner|Christine]] and [[mw:de:Horst Lechner|Horst Lechner]] in the middle of Salzburg's old town (winner of the [[mw:de:Architekturpreis des Landes Salzburg|architecture award of Salzburg 2010]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.salzburg.gv.at/themen/ks/kultur/architektur/architekturpreistraeger.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630105216/http://www.salzburg.gv.at/themen/ks/kultur/architektur/architekturpreistraeger.htm |url-status=dead |title=Preisträger Salzburg |archive-date=30 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.verbund.com/bg/en/blog/2012/01/31/building-energy-efficient-houses |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130209155829/http://www.verbund.com/bg/en/blog/2012/01/31/building-energy-efficient-houses |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 February 2013 |title=flow – der VERBUND Blog |publisher=Verbund.com |date=15 October 2012 |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref> Other examples of contemporary architecture lie outside the old town: the Faculty of Science building (Universität Salzburg – Architecture [[mw:de:Wilhelm Holzbauer|Willhelm Holzbauer]]) built on the edge of free green space, the [[Blobitecture|blob architecture]] of Red Bull [[Hangar-7]] (Architecture: Volkmar Burgstaller<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visit-salzburg.net/sights/hangar7.htm |title=Red Bull's Hangar-7 at Salzburg Airport |publisher=Visit Salzburg |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>) at Salzburg Airport, home to [[Dietrich Mateschitz]]'s Flying Bulls and the Europark Shopping Centre. (Architecture: [[Massimiliano Fuksas]])