Editing Saint Patrick's Day (section)

=== Oceania ===
====Australia====
[[File:St Patrick's Parade Brisbane-13 (8562155117).jpg|thumb|Saint Patrick's Parade in Brisbane]]
Saint Patrick's Day is not a public holiday in Australia, although it is celebrated each year across the country's states and territories.<ref>[[National Museum of Australia]] (2020). [https://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/not-just-ned/about/about/st-patricks-day St Patrick's Day] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207094309/https://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/not-just-ned/about/about/st-patricks-day |date=7 February 2021 }}. Retrieved 2 February 2021</ref><ref>Irish Echo (Australia) (2019) [https://www.irishecho.com.au/news/tag/St+Patrick%27s+Day+in+Australia St Patrick's Day in Australia: Latest News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321113813/https://www.irishecho.com.au/news/tag/St+Patrick%27s+Day+in+Australia |date=21 March 2021 }}. Irish Echo (Australia). Retrieved 2 February 2021</ref><ref>Modern Australian. (29 January 2019). [https://modernaustralian.com/4400-the-best-st-patrick-s-day-events-in-australia-2019 The best Saint Patrick's day events in Australia 2019] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208050408/https://modernaustralian.com/4400-the-best-st-patrick-s-day-events-in-australia-2019 |date=8 February 2021 }}. Modern Australian. Retrieved 2 February 2021</ref> Festivals and parades are often held on weekends around 17 March in cities such as [[Sydney]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Georgina |date=17 March 2018 |title=St Patrick's day celebrations to turn Moore Park into the 'green quarter' |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/st-patrick-s-day-celebrations-to-turn-moore-park-into-the-green-quarter-20180317-p4z4ui.html |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=2 February 2021 |archive-date=7 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207091307/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/st-patrick-s-day-celebrations-to-turn-moore-park-into-the-green-quarter-20180317-p4z4ui.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Brisbane]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Garcia|first=Jocelyn|date=16 March 2019|title=St Patrick's Day parade patron honoured at Brisbane festivities|url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/st-patrick-s-day-parade-patron-honoured-at-brisbane-festivities-20190316-p514rq.html|work=[[Brisbane Times]]|access-date=2 February 2021|archive-date=7 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207091513/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/st-patrick-s-day-parade-patron-honoured-at-brisbane-festivities-20190316-p514rq.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Adelaide]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Iannella|first=Antimo|date=16 March 2017|title=St Patrick's Day takes to Adelaide Oval for the first time since 1967, with celebrations at southern end of stadium|url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/st-patricks-day-takes-to-adelaide-oval-for-the-first-time-since-1967-with-celebrations-at-southern-end-of-stadium/news-story/1882121362c680f649067884e7141dfe|work=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]]|access-date=2 February 2021|archive-date=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910202046/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/st-patricks-day-takes-to-adelaide-oval-for-the-first-time-since-1967-with-celebrations-at-southern-end-of-stadium/news-story/1882121362c680f649067884e7141dfe|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Melbourne]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kozina|first=Teigan|date=16 March 2018|title=2019 Saint Patrick's Day 2018: Where to celebrate in Melbourne|url=https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/saint-patricks-day-2018-where-to-celebrate-in-melbourne/news-story/26d3bf2bacfd0ddd3ae48023b0db9263|work=[[Herald Sun]]|access-date=2 February 2021|archive-date=26 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426111709/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/saint-patricks-day-2018-where-to-celebrate-in-melbourne/news-story/26d3bf2bacfd0ddd3ae48023b0db9263|url-status=live}}</ref> On occasion, festivals and parades are cancelled. For instance, Melbourne's 2006 and 2007 Saint Patrick's Day festivals and parades were cancelled due to sporting events ([[Commonwealth Games]] and [[Australian Grand Prix]]) being booked on and around the planned Saint Patrick's Day festivals and parades in the city.<ref>{{cite news|last=Holroyd|first=Jane|date=17 March 2006|title=Irish see green over Grand Prix|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/irish-see-green-over-grand-prix-20070317-ge4fyk.html|work=[[The Age]]|access-date=2 February 2021|archive-date=6 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206161335/https://www.theage.com.au/national/irish-see-green-over-grand-prix-20070317-ge4fyk.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In Sydney the parade and family day was cancelled in 2016 due to financial problems.<ref>{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Damien |date=6 February 2016 |title=Why there will be no St Patrick's Day Rising: Burden of debt on the centenary of the Easter Rising forces cancellation of St Patrick's Day parade. |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/why-there-will-be-no-st-patricks-day-rising-20160204-gmlydi.html |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=2 February 2021 |archive-date=12 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212004753/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/why-there-will-be-no-st-patricks-day-rising-20160204-gmlydi.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Damien |date=16 March 2016 |title=Irish eyes not smiling: St Patrick's Day parade cancelled in Sydney |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/irish-eyes-not-smiling-st-patricks-day-parade-cancelled-in-sydney-20160316-gnk86u.html |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=2 February 2021 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209051232/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/irish-eyes-not-smiling-st-patricks-day-parade-cancelled-in-sydney-20160316-gnk86u.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, Brisbane's Saint Patrick's Day parade, which was cancelled at the outbreak of [[World War II]] and wasn't revived until 1990,<ref>{{cite news|last=Crockford|first=Toby|date=17 March 2018|title=Grand parade to be sure, when St Patrick's Day falls on a Saturday|url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/grand-parade-to-be-sure-when-st-patrick-s-day-falls-on-a-saturday-20180317-p4z4v0.html|work=[[Brisbane Times]]|access-date=2 February 2021|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031629/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/grand-parade-to-be-sure-when-st-patrick-s-day-falls-on-a-saturday-20180317-p4z4v0.html|url-status=live}}</ref> was not called off in 2020 as precaution for the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], in contrast to many other Saint Patrick's Day parades around the world.<ref>{{cite news|last=Layt|first=Stuart|date=10 March 2020|title=Coronavirus fears won't rain on Brisbane St Patrick's Day parade|url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/coronavirus-fears-won-t-rain-on-brisbane-st-patrick-s-day-parade-20200310-p548qo.html|work=[[Brisbane Times]]|access-date=2 February 2021|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311155325/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/coronavirus-fears-won-t-rain-on-brisbane-st-patrick-s-day-parade-20200310-p548qo.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The first mention of Saint Patrick's Day being celebrated in Australia was in 1795, when Irish convicts and administrators, Catholic and Protestant, in the [[penal colony]] came together to celebrate the day as a national holiday, despite a ban against assemblies being in place at the time.<ref name="O'Farrell">[[Patrick O'Farrell|O'Farrell, Patrick]]. (1995). St Patrick's Day in Australia: The John Alexander Ferguson Lecture 1994. Journal of Royal Historical Society 81(1) 1-16.</ref> This unified day of Irish nationalist observance would soon dissipate over time, with celebrations on Saint Patrick's Day becoming divisive between religions and social classes, representative more of Australianness than of Irishness and held intermittingly throughout the years.<ref name="O'Farrell"/><ref>''The Sydney Morning Herald'' (18 March 1887). [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/28355652 St Patrick's Day Celebrations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519150719/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/28355652 |date=19 May 2021 }}. ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]''. [[New South Wales]]. p5. Retrieved 2 February 2021 via National Library of Australia</ref><ref>The Adelaide Chronicle (25 Mar 1916). [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/87241295/8616594 St. Patrick's Day in Adelaide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519150800/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/87241295/8616594 |date=19 May 2021 }}. [[The Adelaide Chronicle]] [[Adelaide]] [[South Australia]]. p25. Retrieved 2 February 2021 via National Library of Australia</ref> Historian [[Patrick O'Farrell]] credits the [[Easter Rising|1916 Easter Rising]] in [[Dublin]] and [[Archbishop Daniel Mannix]] of [[Melbourne]] for re-igniting St Patrick's Day celebrations in Australia and reviving the sense of Irishness amongst those with Irish heritage.<ref name="O'Farrell"/> The organisers of the Saint Patrick's festivities in the past were, more often than not, the Catholic clergy<ref>The Southern Cross. (20 February 1931). St. Patrick's Day: The Adelaide Celebration: Meeting of the Committee. [[The Southern Cross (South Australia)|The Southern Cross]]. [[Adelaide]] [[South Australia]]. p7. Retrieved 2 February 2021 via National Library of Australia</ref> which often courted controversy.<ref>{{cite news|last=Daley|first=Paul|date=2 April 2016|title=Divided Melbourne: When Archbishop turned St Patrick's Day into Propaganda|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/postcolonial-blog/2016/apr/22/divided-melbourne-when-the-archbishop-turned-st-patricks-day-into-propaganda|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2 February 2021|archive-date=6 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206213653/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/postcolonial-blog/2016/apr/22/divided-melbourne-when-the-archbishop-turned-st-patricks-day-into-propaganda|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Sullivan, Tim. (2020). [https://www.htav.asn.au/documents/item/3390 An Illusion of Unity: Irish Australia, the Great War and the 1920 St Patrick's Day Parade] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206020126/https://www.htav.asn.au/documents/item/3390 |date=6 February 2021 }} Agora 55(1). 24–31</ref> [[Patrick Phelan (Bishop of Sale)|Bishop Patrick Phelan]] of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sale|Sale]] described in 1921 how the authorities in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] had ordered that a [[Union Jack]] be flown at the front of the Saint Patrick's Day parade and following the refusal by Irishmen and [[Irish-Australians]] to do so, the authorities paid for an individual to carry the flag at the head of the parade.<ref>Fitzgerald, Ellen (21 March 2019). [https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/in-the-herald-march-21-1921-20190313-p513tl.html In the Herald : 21 March 1921: Union Jack forced on St Patrick's Day] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210001805/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/in-the-herald-march-21-1921-20190313-p513tl.html |date=10 February 2021 }}. [[The Sydney Morning Herald]]</ref><ref>Warwick Daily News (21 March 1921). [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/177270639?searchTerm=Patrick%20Phelan%20Union%20Jack%20forced%20on%20St%20Patrick%E2%80%99s%20Day St Patrick's Day: Scenes in Melbourne: Union Jack Hooted: Speech by Bishop Phelan]. [[Warwick Daily News]] [[Queensland]]. p5. Retrieved 2 February 2021 via National Library of Australia</ref> This individual was later assaulted by two men who were later fined in court.<ref>The Argus. (22 March 1921). [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/1741365?searchTerm=Union%20Jack%20forced%20on%20St%20Patrick%E2%80%99s%20Day Attack on Union Jack: St Patrick's Day Incident: Two Men Before the Court.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207181041/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/1741365?searchTerm=Union%20Jack%20forced%20on%20St%20Patrick%E2%80%99s%20Day |date=7 February 2021 }} [[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]]. [[Melbourne]] [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]. p7. Retrieved 2 February 2021 via National Library of Australia</ref><ref>The Argus (31 March 1921). [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/1743242?searchTerm=Union%20Jack%20forced%20on%20St%20Patrick%E2%80%99s%20Day Attack on Union Jack: St Patrick's Day Incident: Two Young Men Fined]. ''[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]]''. [[Melbourne]] [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]. p7. Retrieved 2 February 2021 via National Library of Australia</ref>

====New Zealand====
From 1878 to 1955, Saint Patrick's Day was recognised as a public holiday in New Zealand, together with [[St George's Day]] (England) and [[St Andrew's Day]] (Scotland).<ref>Swarbrick, Nancy. (2016). [https://teara.govt.nz/en/public-holidays/page-3 Public holidays - Celebrating communities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207085104/https://teara.govt.nz/en/public-holidays/page-3 |date=7 February 2021 }}, [[Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand]], Retrieved 2 February 2021</ref><ref>Swarbrick, Nancy. (2016) [https://teara.govt.nz/en/public-holidays/print Public holidays] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206081203/https://teara.govt.nz/en/public-holidays/print |date=6 February 2021 }}, [[Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand]], Retrieved 2 February 2021</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Daly|first=Michael|date=20 May 2020|title=How do we get public holidays? Government considering an extra long weekend|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/121569002/how-do-we-get-public-holidays-government-considering-an-extra-long-weekend|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|access-date=2 February 2021|archive-date=6 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206123935/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/121569002/how-do-we-get-public-holidays-government-considering-an-extra-long-weekend|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Auckland]] attracted many Irish migrants in the 1850s and 1860s, and it was here where some of the earliest Saint Patrick's Day celebrations took place, which often entailed the hosting of community picnics.<ref name="Bueltmann">Bueltmann, Tanja. (2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=opjuVKk-HEoC&dq=The+New+Zealand+Herald+st+patrick%27s+day+public+holiday&pg=PA105 Remembering the Homeland: St Patrick's Day Celebrations in New Zealand to 1910] in Oona Frawley (ed.) (2012). ''Memory Ireland: Diaspora and Memory Practices'' Vol.2 Syracuse University Press. {{ISBN|9780815651710}} pp101-113. Retrieved 2 February 2021</ref> However, this rapidly evolved from the late 1860s onwards to include holding parades with pipe bands and marching children wearing green, sporting events, concerts, balls and other social events, where people displayed their Irishness with pride.<ref name="Bueltmann"/> While Saint Patrick's Day is no longer recognised as a public holiday, it continues to be celebrated across New Zealand with festivals and parades at weekends on or around 17 March.<ref>{{cite news|last=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=17 March 2018|title=St Patrick's Day celebrations underway in Auckland|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/st-patricks-day-celebrations-underway-in-auckland/ZASJXHLEBLWJT2YAQOAXZNK2UA/|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|access-date=2 February 2021|archive-date=7 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207051529/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/st-patricks-day-celebrations-underway-in-auckland/ZASJXHLEBLWJT2YAQOAXZNK2UA/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=O'Sullivan|first=Aisling|date=16 March 2017|title=Best places to celebrate St Patrick's Day in New Zealand and around the world|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/destinations/nz/90440256/best-places-to-celebrate-st-patricks-day-in-new-zealand-and-around-the-world|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|access-date=2 February 2021|archive-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508044805/https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/destinations/nz/90440256/best-places-to-celebrate-st-patricks-day-in-new-zealand-and-around-the-world|url-status=live}}</ref>